Global Optical Current Transformer Market size was valued at USD 35.86 Mn. in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 62.26 Mn. by 2030, at a CAGR of 8.2%.Optical Current Transformer Market Overview
Optical Current transformer is an alternative to the existing conventional current transformer. It provides an advanced measurement solution for metering as well as protection applications on the basis of cutting-edge patented optical sensing technology. An optical Current Transformer is a sensor that directly or indirectly uses optical sensing methods for measuring electric currents. Optical Current Transformer has no electromagnetic interference and high electrical solutions. They are used to measure polarization rotation due to the Faraday Effect. The bottom-up approach was used to estimate the Optical Current Transformer market size. The market revenue is determined by the primary and secondary data collection methods. The market report focuses on the drivers, challenges and major restraints of the Optical Current Transformer industry.To know about the Research Methodology :- Request Free Sample Report
Optical Current Transformer Market Dynamics
Optical Current Transformer Market Market Growth Drivers Increasing demand for high voltage Devices in the transmission and power generation sectors to boost the market growth. The purpose of the transmission of power at high voltages is used to increase efficiency. Over the long distance, there is an inherent loss of energy along the way. The high voltage transmission reduces the amount of power lost when the electricity flows from one location to the next. The higher the voltage the lower the current and the lower the current leads to less loss in the conductors. High voltage substation is used in the power system in which the power has been pooled from generating sources, distributed and transformed to the load points. In power distribution, the high voltages range from 115,000 to 230,000VAC and Extra-high voltages range from 345,000 to 765, 000VAC. The high-voltage power transmission reduces the volume of the conductor, decreases the percentage line drop and increases transmission efficiency. The high voltage produces the high output voltage including testing the performance of electrical insulation of power devices. As a result, increasing demand for high-voltage devices in the transmission, Distribution Station and power generation sectors due to their high output fuel the Optical Current Transformer Market growth. The growing use of Optical Current Transformer in digital transmission stations to fuel market growth Optical current transformers have many beneficial properties as compared to the conventional current transformer. They have been used to improve safety, reduce environmental impact and improve the steady state and transient performance. The mixture of the optical current transformers and a process bus makes the design of digital substations facilitates flexible cost reductions. The digital substations have been more vulnerable than the conventional substations due to the outdoor placement of electronics. The high voltage distribution station used for medium voltage lines has to be taken through confined spaces new building sites and congested houses. The low weight of the Optical Current Transformers facilitates the integration with the primary equipment that permits the space for the substation yards. Optical current transformers have to be suitable for application in digital transmission substations. The optical current transformer is widely used in digital transmission due to its high voltage boost the Optical Current Transformer market growth.Optical Current Transformer Market Restraints
1. Long Run stability and errors in Accuracy of optical Current Transformer 2. Complexity in the maintenance of the specialty reformers 3. Lack of Skilled Labor 4. Hoops in the optical fibers rising the influence of temperatureOptical Current Transformer Market Segment Analysis
Optical Current Transformer Market Segment-wise insights are categorized into type, packaging type, application, distribution Channel and region to understand the market dynamics and Optical Current Transformer industry penetration. The market is broadly classified into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and South America Middle East & Africa to study the regional-wise Optical Current Transformer market potential. On the basis of the product, the market is categorized into the Magnetic Optical Current Transformer and Fiber Optical Current Transformer. The Magnetic Optical Current Transformer segment held the market in 2023 and is expected to grow at the highest CAGR of the market over the forecast period. The magnetic optical current transformer has high voltage tolerance and less saturation state, it has many applications in the power stations industry and instrumentation. The Magnetic Optical Current Transformer is designed to operate in a transparent manner with modern electronic meters and digital relays which have been adopted for a low-energy analog single interface. It makes the output single insensitive to vibration and shock and it is more suitable for outdoor types such as substations. Magnetic Optical Current Transformer has no risks of explosion and fires, wide frequency response, high immunity to electromagnetic interferences, large range of dynamic. It measures the electric current by using the Faradays effect. As a result, Magnetic Optical Current Transformer drives market growth.On the basis of Current Type, the market is categorized into Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC). Alternating Current (AC) held the the largest Optical Current Transformer market share. Alternating Current (AC) has been transformed to higher or lower voltage levels and it is simpler to step up and down voltage. It has been more efficient and thus, it is used for the transmission of power. AC transformer is an electrical device that is applied to change the voltage in alternating current (AC) electrical circuits.
Technological advancements in oil and gas insulation to drive the Optical Current Transformer Market growth in Europe. Europe dominated the market with the largest market revenue and is expected to continue its dominance over the forecast period. The regional market is driven by the government’s stringent regulations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and technological developments, rapid urbanization and the presence of key players. In Europe, oil-immersed inductive voltage transformers are developed which are compliant with all national as well as international standards, available from 72.5kV up to 550kV and have enormous control of the internal and external insulation stresses, suitable for line discharging, Applicable as a low-cost alternative to small power transformers and high use of corrosion resistant materials. North America is expected to grow Optical Current Transformer Market during the forecast period. The growing use of electric equipment, rising use of the smart grid, increasing demand for the optical current transformer for power generation the increase in the number of power stations and rising the consumption of electricity.
Optical Current Transformer Market Regional Insights
Optical Current Transformer Market Competitive Landscape
The information on the competitive environment such as market share and positioning of key players is included in the market report. The Competitive Landscape of the Optical Current Transformer market covers the number of key companies, company size, their strengths, weaknesses, barriers and threats. It also focuses on the power of the company’s competitive rivals, potential, new market entrants, customers, suppliers and substitute products that drive the profitability of the companies in the Optical Current Transformer industry. The global Optical Current Transformer markets include several market players at the country, regional and global levels. Some of the key players are adopted strategies including pricing investments, expansion of the product portfolio, mergers and acquisition collaboration, agreements and geographical expansion for the enhancement of the Optical Current Transformer industry. The companies are investing in research and development activities regarding Optical Current Transformers. ARTECHE’s SDO-OCT is a passive and modular optical current transformer that has been used for any voltage level. This device is based on the optical current transducer (SDO-ICT), the insulator and the merging unit (SDO MU). SDO-ICT is a fully passive optical transducer and it provides a digital measurement solution for metering and protection applications. The passive interferometry transducer has been offered Cl 0.2 accuracy over an unlimited range of primary currents. The SDO-ICT transducer has to be mounted with different types of post-insulator which cover any insulation level.Optical Current Transformer Market Scope: Inquire before buying
Global Optical Current Transformer Market Report Coverage Details Base Year: 2023 Forecast Period: 2024-2030 Historical Data: 2018 to 2023 Market Size in 2023: US $ 35.86 Mn. Forecast Period 2024 to 2030 CAGR: 8.2% Market Size in 2030: US $ 62.26 Mn. Segments Covered: By Product Magnetic Optical Current Transformer Fiber Optical Current Transformer By Current Type Alternating Current(AC) Direct Current(DC) By Voltage range Up to 36 kV 36 kV to 200 kV 200 KV to 400 kV Above 400 kV By Current Range Up to 2500A 2500A to 3500A 3500A to 4500A Above 4500A By Detection Method Polari metric Detection Interferometry Detection By Functionality Metering Fault Monitoring Equipment Diagnostic Others By Application Power Transmission Line Electric Power System Digital Substations Others By End-Use Power and Distribution Industrial Commercial Railway and Metro Others Optical Current Transformer Market by Region:
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico) Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Austria, and the Rest of Europe) Asia Pacific (China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and the Rest of APAC) Middle East and Africa (South Africa, GCC, Egypt, Nigeria, and the Rest of ME&A) South America (Brazil, Argentina Rest of South America)Optical Current Transformer Key Players
1. ARTECHE 2. TRENCH Group 3. ABB Group 4. GE Grid Solution 5. JSC PROFOTECH 6. Beijing Daelim Green EP Tech Co. 7. NR Electric Co 8. Hitachi energy ltd 9. sieyuan electric co. ltd 10. ka factor group 11. NR Electric Co., 12. Koncar Power Transformers Ltd., 13. RITZ INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS GMBH 14. Koncar Power Transformers Ltd.Frequently Asked Questions:
1] What is the growth rate of the Global Optical Current Transformer Market? Ans. The Global Optical Current Transformer Market is growing at a significant rate of 8.2% during the forecast period. 2] Which region is expected to dominate the Global Optical Current Transformer Market? Ans. Europe is expected to dominate the Optical Current Transformer Market during the forecast period. 3] What is the expected Global Optical Current Transformer Market size by 2030? Ans. The Optical Current Transformer Market size is expected to reach USD 62.26 Mn by 2030. 4] Which are the top players in the Global Optical Current Transformer Market? Ans. The major top players in the Global Optical Current Transformer Market are ARTECH, TRENCH Group, ABB Group, GE Grid Solution, JSC PROFOTECH, Beijing Daelim Green EP Tech Co.,NR Electric Co and others. 5] What are the factors driving the Global Optical Current Transformer Market growth? Ans. The Increasing demand for high-voltage Devices in transmission and power generation and growing use of Optical Current transformers in digital transmission stations are expected to drive market growth during the forecast period.
1. Optical Current Transformer Market Introduction 1.1. Study Assumption and Market Definition 1.2. Scope of the Study 1.3. Executive Summary 2. Optical Current Transformer Market: Dynamics 2.1. Optical Current Transformer Market Trends by Region 2.1.1. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Trends 2.1.2. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Trends 2.1.3. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Trends 2.1.4. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Trends 2.1.5. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Trends 2.2. Optical Current Transformer Market Dynamics by Region 2.2.1. North America 2.2.1.1. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Drivers 2.2.1.2. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Restraints 2.2.1.3. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Opportunities 2.2.1.4. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Challenges 2.2.2. Europe 2.2.2.1. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Drivers 2.2.2.2. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Restraints 2.2.2.3. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Opportunities 2.2.2.4. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Challenges 2.2.3. Asia Pacific 2.2.3.1. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Drivers 2.2.3.2. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Restraints 2.2.3.3. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Opportunities 2.2.3.4. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Challenges 2.2.4. Middle East and Africa 2.2.4.1. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Drivers 2.2.4.2. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Restraints 2.2.4.3. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Opportunities 2.2.4.4. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Challenges 2.2.5. South America 2.2.5.1. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Drivers 2.2.5.2. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Restraints 2.2.5.3. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Opportunities 2.2.5.4. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Challenges 2.3. PORTER’s Five Forces Analysis 2.4. PESTLE Analysis 2.5. Technology Roadmap 2.6. Regulatory Landscape by Region 2.6.1. North America 2.6.2. Europe 2.6.3. Asia Pacific 2.6.4. Middle East and Africa 2.6.5. South America 2.7. Key Opinion Leader Analysis For Optical Current Transformer Industry 2.8. Analysis of Government Schemes and Initiatives For Optical Current Transformer Industry 2.9. Optical Current Transformer Market Trade Analysis 2.10. The Global Pandemic Impact on Optical Current Transformer Market 3. Optical Current Transformer Market: Global Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation by Demand and Supply Side (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 3.1. Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 3.1.1. Magnetic Optical Current Transformer 3.1.2. Fiber Optical Current Transformer 3.2. Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 3.2.1. Alternating Current(AC) 3.2.2. Direct Current(DC) 3.3. Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 3.3.1. Up to 36 kV 3.3.2. 36 kV to 200 kV 3.3.3. 200 KV to 400 kV 3.3.4. Above 400 kV 3.4. Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 3.4.1. Up to 2500A 3.4.2. 2500A to 3500A 3.4.3. 3500A to 4500A 3.4.4. Above 4500A 3.5. Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 3.5.1. Polari metric Detection 3.5.2. Interferometry Detection 3.6. Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 3.6.1. Metering 3.6.2. Fault Monitoring 3.6.3. Equipment Diagnostic 3.6.4. Others 3.7. Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 3.7.1. Power Transmission Line 3.7.2. Electric Power System 3.7.3. Digital Substations 3.7.4. Others 3.8. Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 3.8.1. Power and Distribution 3.8.2. Industrial 3.8.3. Commercial 3.8.4. Railway and Metro 3.8.5. Others 3.9. Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Region (2023-2030) 3.9.1. North America 3.9.2. Europe 3.9.3. Asia Pacific 3.9.4. Middle East and Africa 3.9.5. South America 4. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 4.1. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 4.1.1. Magnetic Optical Current Transformer 4.1.2. Fiber Optical Current Transformer 4.2. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 4.2.1. Alternating Current(AC) 4.2.2. Direct Current(DC) 4.3. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 4.3.1. Up to 36 kV 4.3.2. 36 kV to 200 kV 4.3.3. 200 KV to 400 kV 4.3.4. Above 400 kV 4.4. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 4.4.1. Up to 2500A 4.4.2. 2500A to 3500A 4.4.3. 3500A to 4500A 4.4.4. Above 4500A 4.5. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 4.5.1. Polari metric Detection 4.5.2. Interferometry Detection 4.6. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 4.6.1. Metering 4.6.2. Fault Monitoring 4.6.3. Equipment Diagnostic 4.6.4. Others 4.7. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 4.7.1. Power Transmission Line 4.7.2. Electric Power System 4.7.3. Digital Substations 4.7.4. Others 4.8. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 8.8.1. Power and Distribution 8.8.2. Industrial 8.8.3. Commercial 8.8.4. Railway and Metro 8.8.5. Others 4.9. North America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 4.9.1. United States 4.9.1.1. United States Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 4.9.1.1.1. Magnetic Optical Current Transformer 4.9.1.1.2. Fiber Optical Current Transformer 4.9.1.2. United States Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 4.9.1.2.1. Alternating Current(AC) 4.9.1.2.2. Direct Current(DC) 4.9.1.3. United States Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 4.9.1.3.1. Up to 36 kV 4.9.1.3.2. 36 kV to 200 kV 4.9.1.3.3. 200 KV to 400 kV 4.9.1.3.4. Above 400 kV 4.9.1.4. United States Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 4.9.1.4.1. Up to 2500A 4.9.1.4.2. 2500A to 3500A 4.9.1.4.3. 3500A to 4500A 4.9.1.4.4. Above 4500A 4.9.1.5. United States Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 4.9.1.5.1. Polari metric Detection 4.9.1.5.2. Interferometry Detection 4.9.1.6. United States Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 4.9.1.6.1. Metering 4.9.1.6.2. Fault Monitoring 4.9.1.6.3. Equipment Diagnostic 4.9.1.6.4. Others 4.9.1.7. United States Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 4.9.1.7.1. Power Transmission Line 4.9.1.7.2. Electric Power System 4.9.1.7.3. Digital Substations 4.9.1.7.4. Others 4.9.1.8. United States Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 4.9.1.8.1. Power and Distribution 4.9.1.8.2. Industrial 4.9.1.8.3. Commercial 4.9.1.8.4. Railway and Metro 4.9.1.8.5. Others 4.9.2. Canada 4.9.2.1. Canada Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 4.9.2.1.1. Magnetic Optical Current Transformer 4.9.2.1.2. Fiber Optical Current Transformer 4.9.2.2. Canada Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 4.9.2.2.1. Alternating Current(AC) 4.9.2.2.2. Direct Current(DC) 4.9.2.3. Canada Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 4.9.2.3.1. Up to 36 kV 4.9.2.3.2. 36 kV to 200 kV 4.9.2.3.3. 200 KV to 400 kV 4.9.2.3.4. Above 400 kV 4.9.2.4. Canada Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 4.9.2.4.1. Up to 2500A 4.9.2.4.2. 2500A to 3500A 4.9.2.4.3. 3500A to 4500A 4.9.2.4.4. Above 4500A 4.9.2.5. Canada Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 4.9.2.5.1. Polari metric Detection 4.9.2.5.2. Interferometry Detection 4.9.2.6. Canada Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 4.9.2.6.1. Metering 4.9.2.6.2. Fault Monitoring 4.9.2.6.3. Equipment Diagnostic 4.9.2.6.4. Others 4.9.2.7. Canada Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 4.9.2.7.1. Power Transmission Line 4.9.2.7.2. Electric Power System 4.9.2.7.3. Digital Substations 4.9.2.7.4. Others 4.9.2.8. Canada Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 4.9.2.8.1. Power and Distribution 4.9.2.8.2. Industrial 4.9.2.8.3. Commercial 4.9.2.8.4. Railway and Metro 4.9.2.8.5. Others 4.9.3. Mexico 4.9.3.1. Mexico Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 4.9.3.1.1. Magnetic Optical Current Transformer 4.9.3.1.2. Fiber Optical Current Transformer 4.9.3.2. Mexico Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 4.9.3.2.1. Alternating Current(AC) 4.9.3.2.2. Direct Current(DC) 4.9.3.3. Mexico Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 4.9.3.3.1. Up to 36 kV 4.9.3.3.2. 36 kV to 200 kV 4.9.3.3.3. 200 KV to 400 kV 4.9.3.3.4. Above 400 kV 4.9.3.4. Mexico Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 4.9.3.4.1. Up to 2500A 4.9.3.4.2. 2500A to 3500A 4.9.3.4.3. 3500A to 4500A 4.9.3.4.4. Above 4500A 4.9.3.5. Mexico Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 4.9.3.5.1. Polari metric Detection 4.9.3.5.2. Interferometry Detection 4.9.3.6. Mexico Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 4.9.3.6.1. Metering 4.9.3.6.2. Fault Monitoring 4.9.3.6.3. Equipment Diagnostic 4.9.3.6.4. Others 4.9.3.7. Mexico Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 4.9.3.7.1. Power Transmission Line 4.9.3.7.2. Electric Power System 4.9.3.7.3. Digital Substations 4.9.3.7.4. Others 4.9.3.8. Mexico Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 4.9.3.8.1. Power and Distribution 4.9.3.8.2. Industrial 4.9.3.8.3. Commercial 4.9.3.8.4. Railway and Metro 4.9.3.8.5. Others 5. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 5.1. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.2. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 5.3. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 5.4. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 5.5. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.6. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 5.7. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.8. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 5.9. Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 5.9.1. United Kingdom 5.9.1.1. United Kingdom Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.9.1.2. United Kingdom Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 5.9.1.3. United Kingdom Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 5.9.1.4. United Kingdom Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 5.9.1.5. United Kingdom Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.9.1.6. United Kingdom Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.9.1.7. United Kingdom Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.9.1.8. United Kingdom Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 5.9.2. France 5.9.2.1. France Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.9.2.2. France Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 5.9.2.3. France Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 5.9.2.4. France Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 5.9.2.5. France Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.9.2.6. France Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 5.9.2.7. France Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.9.2.8. France Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 5.9.3. Germany 5.9.3.1. Germany Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.9.3.2. Germany Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 5.9.3.3. Germany Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 5.9.3.4. Germany Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 5.9.3.5. Germany Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.9.3.6. Germany Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 5.9.3.7. Germany Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.9.3.8. Germany Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 5.9.4. Italy 5.9.4.1. Italy Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.9.4.2. Italy Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 5.9.4.3. Italy Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 5.9.4.4. Italy Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 5.9.4.5. Italy Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.9.4.6. Italy Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 5.9.4.7. Italy Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.9.4.8. Italy Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 5.9.5. Spain 5.9.5.1. Spain Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.9.5.2. Spain Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 5.9.5.3. Spain Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 5.9.5.4. Spain Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 5.9.5.5. Spain Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.9.5.6. Spain Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 5.9.5.7. Spain Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.9.5.8. Spain Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 5.9.6. Sweden 5.9.6.1. Sweden Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.9.6.2. Sweden Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 5.9.6.3. Sweden Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 5.9.6.4. Sweden Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 5.9.6.5. Sweden Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.9.6.6. Sweden Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 5.9.6.7. Sweden Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.9.6.8. Sweden Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 5.9.7. Austria 5.9.7.1. Austria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.9.7.2. Austria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 5.9.7.3. Austria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 5.9.7.4. Austria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 5.9.7.5. Austria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.9.7.6. Austria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 5.9.7.7. Austria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.9.7.8. Austria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 5.9.8. Rest of Europe 5.9.8.1. Rest of Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.9.8.2. Rest of Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 5.9.8.3. Rest of Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 5.9.8.4. Rest of Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 5.9.8.5. Rest of Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 5.9.8.6. Rest of Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 5.9.8.7. Rest of Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.9.8.8. Rest of Europe Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 6.1. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.2. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.3. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.4. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.5. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.6. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.7. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.8. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.9. Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 6.9.1. China 6.9.1.1. China Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.1.2. China Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.1.3. China Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.1.4. China Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.1.5. China Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.1.6. China Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.1.7. China Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.1.8. China Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.8.2. S Korea 6.9.2.1. S Korea Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.2.2. S Korea Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.2.3. S Korea Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.2.4. S Korea Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.2.5. S Korea Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.2.6. S Korea Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.2.7. S Korea Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.2.8. S Korea Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.8.3. Japan 6.9.3.1. Japan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.3.2. Japan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.3.3. Japan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.3.4. Japan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.3.5. Japan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.3.6. Japan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.3.7. Japan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.3.8. Japan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.8.4. India 6.9.4.1. India Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.4.2. India Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.4.3. India Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.4.4. India Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.4.5. India Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.4.6. India Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.4.7. India Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.4.8. India Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.8.5. Australia 6.9.5.1. Australia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.5.2. Australia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.5.3. Australia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.5.4. Australia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.5.5. Australia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.5.6. Australia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.5.7. Australia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.5.8. Australia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.8.6. Indonesia 6.9.6.1. Indonesia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.6.2. Indonesia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.6.3. Indonesia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.6.4. Indonesia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.6.5. Indonesia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.6.6. Indonesia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.6.7. Indonesia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.6.8. Indonesia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.8.7. Malaysia 6.9.7.1. Malaysia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.7.2. Malaysia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.7.3. Malaysia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.7.4. Malaysia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.7.5. Malaysia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.7.6. Malaysia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.7.7. Malaysia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.7.8. Malaysia Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.8.8. Vietnam 6.9.8.1. Vietnam Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.8.2. Vietnam Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.8.3. Vietnam Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.8.4. Vietnam Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.8.5. Vietnam Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.8.6. Vietnam Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.8.7. Vietnam Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.8.8. Vietnam Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.8.9. Taiwan 6.9.9.1. Taiwan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.9.2. Taiwan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.9.3. Taiwan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.9.4. Taiwan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.9.5. Taiwan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.9.6. Taiwan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.9.7. Taiwan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.9.8. Taiwan Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 6.8.10. Rest of Asia Pacific 6.9.10.1. Rest of Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.9.10.2. Rest of Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 6.9.10.3. Rest of Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 6.9.10.4. Rest of Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 6.9.10.5. Rest of Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 6.9.10.6. Rest of Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 6.9.10.7. Rest of Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.9.10.8. Rest of Asia Pacific Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 7. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 7.1. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7.2. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 7.3. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 7.4. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 7.5. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 7.6. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 7.7. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.8. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 7.9. Middle East and Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 7.9.1. South Africa 7.9.1.1. South Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7.9.1.2. South Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 7.9.1.3. South Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 7.9.1.4. South Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 7.9.1.5. South Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 7.9.1.6. South Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 7.9.1.7. South Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.9.1.8. South Africa Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 7.8.2. GCC 7.9.2.1. GCC Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7.9.2.2. GCC Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 7.9.2.3. GCC Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 7.9.2.4. GCC Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 7.9.2.5. GCC Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 7.9.2.6. GCC Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 7.9.2.7. GCC Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.9.2.8. GCC Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 7.9.3. Nigeria 7.9.3.1. Nigeria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7.9.3.2. Nigeria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 7.9.3.3. Nigeria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 7.9.3.4. Nigeria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 7.9.3.5. Nigeria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 7.9.3.6. Nigeria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 7.9.3.7. Nigeria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.9.3.8. Nigeria Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 7.9.4. Rest of ME&A 7.9.4.1. Rest of ME&A Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7.9.4.2. Rest of ME&A Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 7.9.4.3. Rest of ME&A Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 7.9.4.4. Rest of ME&A Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 7.9.4.5. Rest of ME&A Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 7.9.4.6. Rest of ME&A Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 7.9.4.7. Rest of ME&A Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.9.4.8. Rest of ME&A Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 8. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 8.1. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 8.2. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 8.3. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range(2023-2030) 8.4. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 8.5. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 8.6. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 8.7. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.8. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 8.9. South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 8.9.1. Brazil 8.9.1.1. Brazil Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 8.9.1.2. Brazil Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 8.9.1.3. Brazil Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 8.9.1.4. Brazil Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 8.9.1.5. Brazil Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 8.9.1.6. Brazil Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 8.9.1.7. Brazil Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.9.1.8. Brazil Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 8.9.2. Argentina 8.9.2.1. Argentina Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 8.9.2.2. Argentina Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 8.9.2.3. Argentina Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 8.9.2.4. Argentina Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 8.9.2.5. Argentina Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 8.9.2.6. Argentina Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 8.9.2.7. Argentina Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.9.2.8. Argentina Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 8.9.3. Rest Of South America 8.9.3.1. Rest Of South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 8.9.3.2. Rest Of South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Type (2023-2030) 8.9.3.3. Rest Of South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Voltage range (2023-2030) 8.9.3.4. Rest Of South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Current Range (2023-2030) 8.9.3.5. Rest Of South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Detection Method (2023-2030) 8.9.3.6. Rest Of South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Functionality (2023-2030) 8.9.3.7. Rest Of South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.9.3.8. Rest Of South America Optical Current Transformer Market Size and Forecast, by End Use (2023-2030) 9. Global Optical Current Transformer Market: Competitive Landscape 9.1. MMR Competition Matrix 9.2. Competitive Landscape 9.3. Key Players Benchmarking 9.3.1. Company Name 9.3.2. Business Segment 9.3.3. End-user Segment 9.3.4. Revenue (2022) 9.3.5. Company Locations 9.4. Leading Optical Current Transformer Market Companies, by market capitalization 9.5. Market Structure 9.5.1. Market Leaders 9.5.2. Market Followers 9.5.3. Emerging Players 9.6. Mergers and Acquisitions Details 10. Company Profile: Key Players 10.1. ARTECHE 10.1.1. Company Overview 10.1.2. Business Portfolio 10.1.3. Financial Overview 10.1.4. SWOT Analysis 10.1.5. Strategic Analysis 10.1.6. Scale of Operation (small, medium, and large) 10.1.7. Details on Partnership 10.1.8. Regulatory Accreditations and Certifications Received by Them 10.1.9. Awards Received by the Firm 10.1.10. Recent Developments 10.2. TRENCH Group 10.3. ABB Group 10.4. GE Grid Solution 10.5. JSC PROFOTECH 10.6. Beijing Daelim Green EP Tech Co. 10.7. NR Electric Co 10.8. Hitachi energy ltd 10.9. sieyuan electric co. ltd 10.10. ka factor group 10.11. NR Electric Co., 10.12. Koncar Power Transformers Ltd., 10.13. RITZ INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS GMBH 10.14. Koncar Power Transformers Ltd. 11. Key Findings 12. Industry Recommendations 13. Optical Current Transformer Market: Research Methodology 14. Terms and Glossary
