Forensic Imaging Market: Global Industry Analysis and Forecast (2022-2029)

Forensic Imaging Market size was valued at US$ 4.90 Bn in 2021 and the total revenue is expected to grow at 9.8% through 2021 to 2029, reaching nearly US$ 10.36 Bn.

Forensic Imaging Market Overview:

Computer forensics, or the use of computer investigation and analysis procedures to acquire evidence acceptable for presentation in a court of law, includes forensic imaging. A forensic image is a type of copy of original evidence that has all of the data found in the original but is encapsulated in a forensic file format that prevents tampering. Global Forensic Imaging MarketTo know about the Research Methodology :- Request Free Sample Report

Forensic Imaging Market Dynamics:

One of the primary market drivers is the growing preference for virtopsy or virtual autopsy over traditional autopsy methods. Raising understanding of the advantages of virtual autopsy as a substitute or addition to traditional "body opening" autopsy is driving growth in the market. The use of cross-sectional imaging modalities including CT, MRI, X-ray, and ultrasound in forensic examinations has made it possible to do post-mortem medical tests swiftly and with minimal invasiveness. A virtual autopsy is a non-invasive procedure that is becoming a popular alternative to traditional autopsies in communities. In Japan, for example, autopsy is frowned upon by the Buddhist culture. As a result, the growing acceptance of virtual autopsy around the world is expected to boost the market forward. The market is predicted to rise due to an increase in global crime rates, a shortage of human resources in medical examiner offices, and the introduction of new technology. Virtobot, for example, is an integrated robotic system that includes MRI, CT, Angiography, and navigation systems equipment, as well as documentation and 3D simulation software, to offer forensic information without mutilating the body. To make CT imaging more accessible and cheaper for forensic facilities, key companies are focusing on research and development. For example, during the Arab Health 2021 event in January 2021, Cannon unveiled the "Aquilion Start CT," a low-cost, compact-sized 16-slice CT scanner designed for forensic imaging services. To obtain market share, industry players are employing various methods such as mergers and acquisitions, product launches, joint ventures, and the development of low-cost equipment, particularly for emerging economies.

Forensic Imaging Market Segment Analysis:

The X-ray segment is supplementing the growth of the Forensic Imaging Market. In 2021, the X-ray sector had the greatest market share of 52.6 %, and it is expected to increase at a healthy rate over the projected period. In forensic medicine, the imaging modality was considered the gold standard for identifying the deceased corpse. Gunshot, air embolism, and motor vehicle collision deaths are the most common reasons for X-ray scans in forensics. With time, the increased use of advanced imaging technology such as CT and MRI has contributed to a decrease in the rate of installation. However, due to restricted access and affordability to imaging technology in developing and underdeveloped portions of the world, X-ray is still used in forensic imaging. During the projection period, the CT segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.9 %. In comparison to traditional autopsy, a postmortem CT examination can more precisely find diseases and fractures in complicated parts of the corpse such as the spine, neck, face, and pelvis. Furthermore, because of the cost and time savings, the practice of performing a CT scan prior to an autopsy to reduce the scope of the autopsy is gaining traction. For example, if a CT scan shows that a car accident victim died from head trauma but had a normal pelvis and abdomen, the autopsy will be limited to the head. The death investigations segment is anticipated to adhere to the growth of the Forensic Imaging Market. In 2021, the death investigations segment had the biggest market share of 74.2%. The growing frequency of unnatural death toll, such as murders, suicides, and unintentional trauma, has helped the segment gain the most market share. Furthermore, the court's necessity for compelling evidence behind the exact cause of death in circumstances when there are no eyewitnesses has driven the usage of virtual autopsy. During the projection period, forensic imaging for clinical studies is expected to have a significant increase in demand. Its expanding market share is due to an increasing number of voluntary body donors for anatomical studies, as well as regular outbreaks of new lethal diseases. For example, a standard autopsy of a COVID19 deceased person could be dangerous. However, there is a significant demand for autopsies of such bodies in order to learn more about the pathophysiology of the new disease. In these situations, radiological imaging can be used to perform a virtual autopsy while reducing the danger of infection spreading. Global Forensic Imaging Market

Forensic Imaging Market Regional Insights:

In 2021, Europe had the greatest market share of 34.6 %, and this dominance is likely to continue over the projection period. The market in the region is expected to be driven by early adoption of radiological imaging in forensics, particularly in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Denmark. In addition, many events such as conferences, workshops, and seminars are expected to accelerate market expansion by increasing reach and understanding regarding the application of forensic imaging. In 2021, for example, the International Society of Forensic Radiology and Imaging conducted its annual meeting in Germany. North America had a revenue share of 28.9% in 2021 and is predicted to increase at a healthy rate over the next few years. The regular shift in the US from a coroner to a medical examiner system will increase demand for forensic imaging. As a result, there is a scarcity of pathologists in the country. To cope with the tremendous workload, the US is likely to have a considerable demand for additional pathologists at autopsy examiner facilities in the coming years. This is expected to lead to a greater usage of advanced imaging technology in autopsy centers, which will assist them reduce the number of unnecessary autopsies. The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive analysis of the Forensic Imaging Market to the stakeholders in the industry. The past and current status of the industry with the forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with the analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of the industry with a dedicated study of key players that include market leaders, followers, and new entrants. PORTER, SVOR, PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors of the market have been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analyzed, which will give a clear futuristic view of the industry to the decision-makers. The report also helps in understanding the Forensic Imaging Market dynamics, structure by analyzing the market segments and project the Forensic Imaging Market size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key players by Grade, price, financial position, Grade portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the Forensic Imaging Market make the report investor’s guide.

Forensic Imaging Market Scope: Inquire before buying

Global Forensic Imaging Market
Report Coverage Details
Base Year: 2021 Forecast Period: 2022-2029
Historical Data: 2017 to 2021 Market Size in 2021: US $ 4.90 Bn.
Forecast Period 2022 to 2029 CAGR: 9.8% Market Size in 2029: US $ 10.36 Bn.
Segments Covered: by Modality • X-ray • CT • MRI • Ultrasound
by Application • Death Investigation • Clinical Studies
by End User • Forensic Institutes • Hospitals • Others

Forensic Imaging Market, by Region

• North America o US o Canada o Mexico • Europe o U.K o France o Germany o Italy o Spain o Sweden o CIS Countries o Rest of Europe • Asia Pacific o China o India o Japan o South Korea o Australia o ASEAN o Rest of Asia Pacific • The Middle East and Africa o South Africa o GCC Countries o Egypt o Nigeria o Rest of ME&A • South America o Brazil o Argentina o Rest of South America

Forensic Imaging Market Key Players

Canon Medical Systems Corporation • Bruker • Neusoft Corporation • Shimadzu Corporation • FUJIFILM • Hitachi, Ltd. • Toshiba Medical Systems, Inc. • GE Healthcare • Koninklijke Philips N.V. • Siemens Healthineers • OpenText (Canada) • Oxygen Forensics (US) • ADF Solutions • Coalfire (US) • Access Data • Cellebrite

FAQs:

1. What is the Forensic Imaging Market value in 2021? Ans: The Forensic Imaging Market value in 2021 was estimated as 4.90 Billion USD. 2. Which Modality segment is likely to dominate the Forensic Imaging Market growth? Ans: The X-ray segment held the largest market share of 52.6% in 2021 and is anticipated to experience lucrative growth over the forecast period. 3. Which Region is expected to dominate the Forensic Imaging Market during the forecast period? Ans: Europe dominated the forensic imaging market with a share of 34.6% in 2021. This is attributable to the high utilization rate of imaging modalities in the performance of autopsy especially countries such as the U.K., Switzerland, The Netherland, and Denmark. 4. What are the factors driving the Forensic Imaging Market? Ans: Key factors that are driving the forensic imaging market growth include increasing global crime rates, rising preference for virtual autopsy, and the improving affordability for imaging modalities. 5. Who are the key players in the Forensic Imaging Market? Ans: Some key players operating in the Forensic Imaging Market include GE Healthcare; Koninklijke Philips N.V.; Siemens Healthineers; Canon Medical Systems Corporation; Bruker; Neusoft Corporation; Shimadzu Corporation; FUJIFILM; Hitachi, Ltd.; Toshiba Medical Systems, Inc.
1.Preface 1.1. Market Definition and Key Research Objectives 1.2. Research Highlights 2. Assumptions and Research Application 2.1. Report Assumptions 2.2. Abbreviations 2.3. Research Application 2.3.1. Secondary Research 2.3.1.1. Secondary data 2.3.1.2. Secondary Application 2.3.2. Primary Research 2.3.2.1. Data from Primary Application 2.3.2.2. Breakdown of Primary Application 3. Executive Summary: Forensic Imaging Market Size, by Market Value (US$ Bn) 3.1. Global Market Segmentation 3.2. Global Market Segmentation Share Analysis, 2020 3.2.1. Global 3.2.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 3.3. Geographical Snapshot of the Forensic Imaging Market 3.4. Geographical Snapshot of the Forensic Imaging Market, By Manufacturer share 4. Forensic Imaging Market Overview, 2021-2029 4.1. Market Dynamics 4.1.1. Drivers 4.1.1.1. Global 4.1.1.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 4.1.2. Restraints 4.1.2.1. Global 4.1.2.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 4.1.3. Opportunities 4.1.3.1. Global 4.1.3.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 4.1.4. Challenges 4.1.4.1. Global 4.1.4.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 4.1.5. Industry Trends and Emerging Technologies 4.1.6. Porter Five Forces Analysis 4.1.6.1. The threat of New Entrants 4.1.6.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers 4.1.6.3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4.1.6.4. The threat of Substitute Grades 4.1.6.5. The intensity of Competitive Rivalry 4.1.7. Value Chain Analysis 4.1.8. Technological Roadmap 4.1.9. Regulatory landscape 4.1.10. Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Forensic Imaging Market 5. Supply Side and Demand Side Indicators 6. Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecast, 2021-2029 6.1. Forensic Imaging Market Size & Y-o-Y Growth Analysis. 7. Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 7.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 7.1.1. X-ray 7.1.2. CT 7.1.3. MRI 7.1.4. Ultrasound 7.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 7.2.1. Death Investigations 7.2.2. Clinical Studies 7.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 7.3.1. Forensic Institutes 7.3.2. Hospitals 7.3.3. Others 8. Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, By Region 8.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Region, 2021-2029 8.1.1. North America 8.1.2. Europe 8.1.3. Asia-Pacific 8.1.4. Middle East & Africa 8.1.5. South America 9. North America Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 9.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 9.1.1. X-ray 9.1.2. CT 9.1.3. MRI 9.1.4. Ultrasound 9.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 9.2.1. Death Investigations 9.2.2. Clinical Studies 9.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 9.3.1. Forensic Institutes 9.3.2. Hospitals 9.3.3. Others 10. North America Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, By Country 10.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Country, 2021-2029 10.1.1. US 10.1.2. Canada 10.1.3. Mexico 11. U.S. Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 11.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 11.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 11.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 12. Canada Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 12.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 12.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 12.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 13. Mexico Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 13.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 13.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 13.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 14. Europe Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 14.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 14.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 14.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 15. Europe Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, By Country 15.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Country, 2021-2029 15.1.1. U.K 15.1.2. France 15.1.3. Germany 15.1.4. Italy 15.1.5. Spain 15.1.6. Sweden 15.1.7. CIS Countries 15.1.8. Rest of Europe 16. U.K Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 16.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 16.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 16.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 17. France Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 17.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 17.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 17.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 18. Germany Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 18.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 18.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 18.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 19. Italy Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 19.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 19.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 19.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 20. Spain Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 20.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 20.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 20.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 21. Sweden Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 21.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 21.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 21.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 22. CIS Countries Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 22.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 22.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 22.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 23. Rest of Europe Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 23.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 23.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 23.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 24. Asia Pacific Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 24.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 24.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 24.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 25. Asia Pacific Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, by Country 25.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Country, 2021-2029 25.1.1. China 25.1.2. India 25.1.3. Japan 25.1.4. South Korea 25.1.5. Australia 25.1.6. ASEAN 25.1.7. Rest of Asia Pacific 26. China Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 26.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 26.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 26.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 27. India Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 27.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 27.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 27.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 28. Japan Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 28.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 28.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 28.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 29. South Korea Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 29.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 29.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 29.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 30. Australia Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 30.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 30.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 30.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 31. ASEAN Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 31.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 31.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 31.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 32. Rest of Asia Pacific Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 32.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 32.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 32.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 33. Middle East Africa Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 33.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 33.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 33.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 34. Middle East Africa Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, by Country 34.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast by Country, 2021-2029 34.1.1. South Africa 34.1.2. GCC Countries 34.1.3. Egypt 34.1.4. Nigeria 34.1.5. Rest of ME&A 35. South Africa Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 35.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 35.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 35.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 36. GCC Countries Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 36.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 36.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 36.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 37. Egypt Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 37.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 37.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 37.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 38. Nigeria Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 38.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 38.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 38.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 39. Rest of ME&A Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 39.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 39.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 39.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 40. South America Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 40.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 40.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 40.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 41. South America Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, by Country 41.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast by Country, 2021-2029 41.1.1. Brazil 41.1.2. Argentina 41.1.3. Rest of South America 42. Brazil Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 42.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 42.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 42.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 43. Argentina Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 43.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 43.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 43.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 44. Rest of South America Forensic Imaging Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2021-2029 44.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Modality, 2021-2029 44.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2021-2029 44.3. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By End-Use, 2021-2029 45. Competitive Landscape 45.1. Geographic Footprint of Major Players in the Forensic Imaging Market 45.2. Competition Matrix 45.2.1. Competitive Benchmarking of Key Players By Price, Presence, Market Share, Fiber Grades, and R&D Investment 45.2.2. New Grade Launches and Grade Enhancements 45.2.3. Market Consolidation 45.2.3.1. M&A by Regions, Investment, and Verticals 45.2.3.2. M&A, Forward Integration and Backward Integration 45.2.3.3. Partnership, Joint Ventures, and Strategic Alliances/ Sales Agreements 45.3. Company Profile: Key Players 45.3.1. Merck & Co., Inc. 45.3.1.1. Financial Overview 45.3.1.2. Geographic Footprint 45.3.1.3. Grade Portfolio 45.3.1.4. Business Strategy 45.3.1.5. Recent Developments 45.3.2. Canon Medical Systems Corporation 45.3.3. Bruker 45.3.4. Neusoft Corporation 45.3.5. Shimadzu Corporation 45.3.6. FUJIFILM 45.3.7. Hitachi, Ltd. 45.3.8. Toshiba Medical Systems, Inc. 45.3.9. GE Healthcare 45.3.10. Koninklijke Philips N.V. 45.3.11. Siemens Healthineers 45.3.12. AccessData 45.3.13. Cellebrite (Israel) 45.3.14. MSAB (Sweden) 45.3.15. OpenText (Canada) 45.3.16. Oxygen Forensics (US) 45.3.17. ADF Solutions 45.3.18. Coalfire (US) 46.Primary Key Insights
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