Organic Acid Market – Global Industry Analysis and Forecast (2024-2030)

Organic Acid Market size is expected to reach nearly US$ 16.18 Bn by 2030 with the CAGR of 5.10% during the forecast period. The report includes an analysis of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the revenue of market leaders, followers, and disruptors. Since the lockdown was implemented differently in various regions and countries; the impact of the same is also seen differently by regions and segments. The report has covered the current short-term and long-term impact on the market, and it would help the decision-makers to prepare the outline and strategies for companies by region.Organic Acid MarketTo know about the Research Methodology:-Request Free Sample Report

Organic Acid Market Dynamics:

The organic acid is a type of organic compound that typically has acidic properties. Organic acids are used in a wide range of applications such as bakery, dairy, livestock feed, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. The driving factors behind the organic acid markets are the extensive use of organic acids in various applications and wide functionalities of organic acids range from their use as a preservative, acidity regulator, antioxidant, flavour enhancer, coating, and in the production of biopolymers. An increase in the consumption of acetic acid in the food & beverage division is likely to propel the organic acid market in the coming years. However, stringent regulations implemented by governing bodies to limit the use of synthetic organic acids are possible to restrain the market in the next few years.

Segment Analysis:

Based on the product type, the acetic acid segment accounted for the largest share in the organic acids market in 2023 followed by citric acid. Acetic acid is used majorly in food & beverage industries attribute to its antibacterial and antifungal properties. Bakery and confectionery industries use citric acid and acetic acid to prevent bacterial and fungal growth in their products. Based on the sources, the segment is expected to expand at a considerable pace during the forecast period. Organic acids constitute a key group of chemicals, and most of them can be produced by agro-industrial residue. Agricultural residues are an attractive source of several chemicals that may be transformed into high value-added products using a wide range of novel chemical or microbiological treatments to optimize their use. Their exploitation is a topic of environmental and economic importance. The production of biomaterials from a range of agricultural wastes has been achieved through extraction or fermentation processes either with pre-treatment to obtain fermentable sugars or without pre-treatment using solid-state fermentation Based on the Application, Food & beverage application segment accounted for the largest share in the organic acids market in 2023. Organic acids are used extensively in food & beverage industries owing to, which it acts as buffers to regulate acidity, antioxidants, preservatives, and flavour enhancers in food-grade products. Although organic acids turned to be used to counteract pathogens in food for many years, there is an important need to evaluate and improve their constant effectiveness and sustainability.

Regional Insights:

Geographically, Asia Pacific holds the major share of the organic acid market and it is expected to dominate the global organic acid market during the forecast period. This can be credited to the increase in demand for various organic acid fortified products in the Asian region. Consumer awareness related to natural organic acid consumption in this Asia Pacific region is increasing. Many big players have established their production plants in Asia pacific. An increase in the number of regulations to limit the use of synthetic organic acids has led to moderate growth of the organic acids market in Europe and North America. However, the demand for bio-based organic acids is likely to increase in North American regions during the forecast period. The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, industry-validated market data, and projections with a suitable set of assumptions and methodology. The report also helps in understanding Organic Acid market dynamics, structure by identifying and analyzing the market segments and project the global market size. Further, the report also focuses on competitive analysis of key players by product, price, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence. The report also provides PEST analysis, PORTER’s analysis, SWOT analysis to address questions of shareholders to prioritizing the efforts and investment in near future to emerging segment in Organic Acid market.

Organic Acid Market, Key Highlights:

Global Organic Acid Market analysis and forecast, in terms of value. Comprehensive study and analysis of market drivers, restraints and opportunities influencing the growth of the Global Organic Acid Market Market segmentation on the basis of type, source, end-user, and region (country-wise) has been provided. The Market strategic analysis with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects along with the contribution of various sub-market stakeholders have been considered under the scope of study. Market analysis and forecast for five major regions namely North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, the Middle East & Africa (MEA) and Latin America along with country-wise segmentation. Profiles of key industry players, their strategic perspective, market positioning and analysis of core competencies are further profiled. Competitive developments, investments, strategic expansion and competitive landscape of the key players operating in the Global Market are also profiled.

Organic Acid Industry EcosystemOrganic Acid Industry Ecosystem MarketOrganic Acid Market Scope Report: Inquire before buying

Global Organic Acid Market
Report Coverage Details
Base Year: 2023 Forecast Period: 2024-2030
Historical Data: 2018 to 2023 Market Size in 2023: USD 11.42 Bn.
Forecast Period 2024 to 2030 CAGR: 5.10% Market Size in 2030 USD 16.18 Bn.
Acetic Acids Citric Acids Formic Acids Propionic Acids Lactic Acids Fumaric Acids Ascorbic Acids Gluconic Acids Other Acid
by Type Biomass Molasses Starch Chemical Synthesis Argo-Industrial Residue
by Application Food & Beverages Feed Pharmaceuticals Industrial

Organic Acid Market, by Region:

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico) Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Austria and Rest of Europe) Asia Pacific (China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Rest of APAC) Middle East and Africa (South Africa, GCC, Egypt, Nigeria and Rest)

 Organic Acid Market, Key Players:

1. Archer-Daniels-Midland Company 2. Cargill Incorporated 3. BASF S.E. 4. BioAmber Inc 5. Genomatica, Inc. 6. Henan Jindan Lactic Acid Technology Co., Ltd. 7. Fuso Chemical Co., Ltd. 8. Koninklijke DSM N.V. 9. Celanese Corporation 10. Corbion, DowDuPont Inc. 11. Eastman Chemical Company 12. Elekeiroz SA 13. LUXI Group 14. GC Innovation America 15. NatureWorks LLC 16. Polynt SpA 17. Tate & Lyle. 18. The Dow Chemical Company (U.S.) 19. Koninklijke DSM N.V. 20. BioAmber Inc 21. Archer Daniels Midland Company 22. Cargill, Incorporated 23. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Frequently Asked Questions: 1. Which region has the largest share in Global Organic Acid Market? Ans: Asia Pacific region holds the highest share in 2023. 2. What is the growth rate of Global Organic Acid Market? Ans: The Global Organic Acid Market is growing at a CAGR of 5.10% during forecasting period 2024-2030. 3. What was the Global Organic Acid Market size in 2023?? Ans: The Global Organic Acid Market size was USD 11.42 Billion in 2023. 4. Who are the key players in Global Organic Acid market? Ans: The important key players in the Global Organic Acid Market are – Arla Foods Ingredients, Plum Organics, The Honest Company, Inc., AAK AB, Abbott, Carbery Food Ingredients Limited, BASF SE, Koninklijke DSM N.V., Glanbia plc., Vitablend Nederland B.V., Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited, Royal Friesland Campina N.V., Sachsenmilch Leppersdorf GmbH, Fonterra Co-Operative Group Limited, Dupont, DSM, ADM, Arla Foods, Saputo Inc., Almarai, an Alpura, CSK Food Enrichment, Sacco SRL. 5. What is the study period of this market? Ans: The Global Organic Acid Market is studied from 2023 to 2030.
1. Organic Acid Market Introduction 1.1. Study Assumption and Market Definition 1.2. Scope of the Study 1.3. Executive Summary 2. Global Organic Acid Market: Competitive Landscape 2.1. MMR Competition Matrix 2.2. Competitive Landscape 2.3. Market share analysis of major players 2.4. Key Players Benchmarking 2.4.1. Company Name 2.4.2. Type Segment 2.4.3. End-user Segment 2.4.4. Revenue (2023) 2.4.5. Key Development 2.4.6. Geographic distribution of major customers 2.5. Market Structure 2.5.1. Market Leaders 2.5.2. Market Followers 2.5.3. Emerging Players 2.6. Mergers and Acquisitions Details 3. Organic Acid Market: Dynamics 3.1. Organic Acid Market Trends 3.2. Organic Acid Market Dynamics 3.2.1. Drivers 3.2.2. Restraints 3.2.3. Opportunities 3.2.4. Challenges 3.3. Ecosystem Analysis 3.3.1. Raw Material Suppliers 3.3.2. Organic Acids Producers 3.3.3. Distributors 3.3.4. End Users 3.4. Technology analysis 3.5. PORTER’s Five Forces Analysis 3.5.1. Intensity of the Rivalry 3.5.2. Threat of New Entrants 3.5.3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 3.5.4. Bargaining Power of Buyers 3.5.5. Threat of Substitutes 3.6. Regulatory Landscape by Region 3.6.1. North America 3.6.2. Europe 3.6.3. Asia Pacific 3.6.4. South America 3.6.5. MEA 4. Organic Acid Market: Global Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Mn) (2023-2030) 4.1. Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 4.1.1. Acetic Acids 4.1.2. Citric Acids 4.1.3. Formic Acids 4.1.4. Propionic Acids 4.1.5. Lactic Acids 4.1.6. Fumaric Acids 4.1.7. Ascorbic Acids 4.1.8. Gluconic Acids 4.1.9. Other Acid 4.2. Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 4.2.1. Biomass 4.2.2. Molasses 4.2.3. Starch 4.2.4. Chemical Synthesis 4.2.5. Argo-Industrial Residue 4.3. Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 4.3.1. Food & Beverages 4.3.2. Feed 4.3.3. Pharmaceuticals 4.3.4. Industrial 5. North America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030) 5.1. North America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 5.1.1. Acetic Acids 5.1.2. Citric Acids 5.1.3. Formic Acids 5.1.4. Propionic Acids 5.1.5. Lactic Acids 5.1.6. Fumaric Acids 5.1.7. Ascorbic Acids 5.1.8. Gluconic Acids 5.1.9. Other Acid 5.2. North America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 5.2.1. Biomass 5.2.2. Molasses 5.2.3. Starch 5.2.4. Chemical Synthesis 5.2.5. Argo-Industrial Residue 5.3. North America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.3.1. Food & Beverages 5.3.2. Feed 5.3.3. Pharmaceuticals 5.3.4. Industrial 5.4. North America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 5.4.1. United States 5.4.1.1. United States Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 5.4.1.1.1. Acetic Acids 5.4.1.1.2. Citric Acids 5.4.1.1.3. Formic Acids 5.4.1.1.4. Propionic Acids 5.4.1.1.5. Lactic Acids 5.4.1.1.6. Fumaric Acids 5.4.1.1.7. Ascorbic Acids 5.4.1.1.8. Gluconic Acids 5.4.1.1.9. Other Acid 5.4.1.2. United States Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 5.4.1.2.1. Biomass 5.4.1.2.2. Molasses 5.4.1.2.3. Starch 5.4.1.2.4. Chemical Synthesis 5.4.1.2.5. Argo-Industrial Residue 5.4.1.3. United States Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.4.1.3.1. Food & Beverages 5.4.1.3.2. Feed 5.4.1.3.3. Pharmaceuticals 5.4.1.3.4. Industrial 5.4.2. Canada 5.4.2.1. Canada Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 5.4.2.1.1. Acetic Acids 5.4.2.1.2. Citric Acids 5.4.2.1.3. Formic Acids 5.4.2.1.4. Propionic Acids 5.4.2.1.5. Lactic Acids 5.4.2.1.6. Fumaric Acids 5.4.2.1.7. Ascorbic Acids 5.4.2.1.8. Gluconic Acids 5.4.2.1.9. Other Acid 5.4.2.2. Canada Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 5.4.2.2.1. Biomass 5.4.2.2.2. Molasses 5.4.2.2.3. Starch 5.4.2.2.4. Chemical Synthesis 5.4.2.2.5. Argo-Industrial Residue 5.4.2.3. Canada Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.4.2.3.1. Food & Beverages 5.4.2.3.2. Feed 5.4.2.3.3. Pharmaceuticals 5.4.2.3.4. Industrial 5.4.3. Mexico 5.4.3.1. Mexico Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 5.4.3.1.1. Acetic Acids 5.4.3.1.2. Citric Acids 5.4.3.1.3. Formic Acids 5.4.3.1.4. Propionic Acids 5.4.3.1.5. Lactic Acids 5.4.3.1.6. Fumaric Acids 5.4.3.1.7. Ascorbic Acids 5.4.3.1.8. Gluconic Acids 5.4.3.1.9. Other Acid 5.4.3.2. Mexico Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 5.4.3.2.1. Biomass 5.4.3.2.2. Molasses 5.4.3.2.3. Starch 5.4.3.2.4. Chemical Synthesis 5.4.3.2.5. Argo-Industrial Residue 5.4.3.3. Mexico Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.4.3.3.1. Food & Beverages 5.4.3.3.2. Feed 5.4.3.3.3. Pharmaceuticals 5.4.3.3.4. Industrial 6. Europe Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030) 6.1. Europe Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.2. Europe Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 6.3. Europe Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4. Europe Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 6.4.1. United Kingdom 6.4.1.1. United Kingdom Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.1.2. United Kingdom Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 6.4.1.3. United Kingdom Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.2. France 6.4.2.1. France Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.2.2. France Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 6.4.2.3. France Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.3. Germany 6.4.3.1. Germany Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.3.2. Germany Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 6.4.3.3. Germany Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.4. Italy 6.4.4.1. Italy Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.4.2. Italy Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 6.4.4.3. Italy Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.5. Spain 6.4.5.1. Spain Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.5.2. Spain Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 6.4.5.3. Spain Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.6. Sweden 6.4.6.1. Sweden Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.6.2. Sweden Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 6.4.6.3. Sweden Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.7. Austria 6.4.7.1. Austria Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.7.2. Austria Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 6.4.7.3. Austria Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.8. Rest of Europe 6.4.8.1. Rest of Europe Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.8.2. Rest of Europe Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 6.4.8.3. Rest of Europe Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7. Asia Pacific Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030) 7.1. Asia Pacific Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.2. Asia Pacific Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 7.3. Asia Pacific Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4. Asia Pacific Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 7.4.1. China 7.4.1.1. China Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.1.2. China Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 7.4.1.3. China Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.2. S Korea 7.4.2.1. S Korea Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.2.2. S Korea Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 7.4.2.3. S Korea Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.3. Japan 7.4.3.1. Japan Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.3.2. Japan Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 7.4.3.3. Japan Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.4. India 7.4.4.1. India Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.4.2. India Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 7.4.4.3. India Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.5. Australia 7.4.5.1. Australia Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.5.2. Australia Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 7.4.5.3. Australia Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.6. ASIAN 7.4.6.1. ASIAN Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.6.2. ASIAN Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 7.4.6.3. ASIAN Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.7. Rest of Asia Pacific 7.4.7.1. Rest of Asia Pacific Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.7.2. Rest of Asia Pacific Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 7.4.7.3. Rest of Asia Pacific Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8. Middle East and Africa Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030) 8.1. Middle East and Africa Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.2. Middle East and Africa Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 8.3. Middle East and Africa Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.4. Middle East and Africa Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 8.4.1. South Africa 8.4.1.1. South Africa Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.4.1.2. South Africa Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 8.4.1.3. South Africa Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.4.2. S GCC 8.4.2.1. GCC Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.4.2.2. GCC Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 8.4.2.3. GCC Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.4.3. Egypt 8.4.3.1. Egypt Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.4.3.2. Egypt Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 8.4.3.3. Egypt Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.4.4. Nigeria 8.4.4.1. Nigeria Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.4.4.2. Nigeria Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 8.4.4.3. Nigeria Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.4.5. Rest of ME &A 8.4.5.1. Rest of ME &A Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.4.5.2. Rest of ME &A Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 8.4.5.3. Rest of ME &A Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 9. South America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030) 9.1. South America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 9.2. South America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 9.3. South America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 9.4. South America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 9.4.1. Brazil 9.4.1.1. Brazil Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 9.4.1.2. Brazil Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 9.4.1.3. Brazil Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 9.4.2. Argentina 9.4.2.1. Argentina Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 9.4.2.2. Argentina Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 9.4.2.3. Argentina Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 9.4.3. Rest Of South America 9.4.3.1. Rest of South America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 9.4.3.2. Rest of South America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Source (2023-2030) 9.4.3.3. Rest of South America Organic Acid Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 10. Company Profile: Key Players 10.1. Archer-Daniels-Midland Company 10.1.1. Company Overview 10.1.2. Business Portfolio 10.1.3. Financial Overview 10.1.3.1. Total Revenue 10.1.3.2. Segment Revenue 10.1.3.3. Annual Revenue 10.1.4. SWOT Analysis 10.1.5. Strategic Analysis 10.1.6. Recent Developments 10.2. Cargill Incorporated 10.3. BASF S.E. 10.4. BioAmber Inc 10.5. Genomatica, Inc. 10.6. Henan Jindan Lactic Acid Technology Co., Ltd. 10.7. Fuso Chemical Co., Ltd. 10.8. Koninklijke DSM N.V. 10.9. Celanese Corporation 10.10. Corbion, DowDuPont Inc. 10.11. Eastman Chemical Company 10.12. Elekeiroz SA 10.13. LUXI Group 10.14. GC Innovation America 10.15. NatureWorks LLC 10.16. Polynt SpA 10.17. Tate & Lyle. 10.18. The Dow Chemical Company (U.S.) 10.19. Koninklijke DSM N.V. 10.20. BioAmber Inc 10.21. Archer Daniels Midland Company 10.22. Cargill, Incorporated 10.23. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company 10.24. Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. 10.25. SABIC 11. Key Findings and Analyst Recommendations 12. Organic Acid Market: Research Methodology 12.1. Research Data 12.1.1. Secondary Data 12.1.2. Primary Data 12.1.2.1. Key industry insights 12.1.2.2. Key data from primary sources 12.2. Market size estimation 12.2.1. Bottom-up approach 12.2.2. Top-down approach 12.3. Market breakdown and Data triangulation 12.4. Research assumptions 12.5. Risk assessment 12.6. Limitations of research 12.7. Recession impact analysis
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