Wood Preservative Chemicals Market: Global Industry Analysis and Forecast (2023-2029)

Wood Preservative Chemicals Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.2% during the forecast period. Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market is expected to reach US$ 2.31 Bn by 2029. The global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market report is a comprehensive analysis of the industry, market, and key players. The report has covered the market by demand and supply-side by segments. The global Wood Preservative Chemicals Report also provides trends by market segments, Product, and investment with a competitive landscape.Wood Preservative Chemicals MarketTo know about the Research Methodology :- Request Free Sample Report

Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Overview:

The global Wood Preservative Chemicals market size was worth US$ 1.73 Bn in the year 2022 and with a CAGR of 4.2 % during the forecast period and it is anticipated to grow US$ 2.31 Bn by 2029. Wood is a cellular and fiber-containing natural material – an organic combination of strong cellulose fibers combined in a matrix of lignin to oppose compression. Wood is a vital part of building materials. Thus, to protect the wood from damage different types of chemicals acts as preservatives for wood. The use of wood preservative chemicals secures the long-lasting life of wood making it safe against the attack of bacteria, insects, and fungi. The preservative chemicals for wood are utilized to enhance its physical properties like durability, strength, and opposition to damage. As per history, wood has been utilized as the primary source of fuel, for preparing furniture, paper, tools, and weapons. Due to rising growth in the utilization of wood in the domestic as well as commercial sectors the market for wood preservative chemicals is booming.

COVID–19 Influence on the Wood Preservative Chemicals Market:

The global manufactures of wood preservative chemicals are categorized into two major types as follows, Tier I & Tier II that includes vital players like Cabot Microelectronics (US), Lanxess (Germany), BASF Wolman (Germany), Koppers (US), and Lonza (Switzerland). All these reputed companies have their manufacturing units across the globe in the regions like South America, North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East, and Africa. There was a significant hindrance in their respective business due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to sudden decrease in the demand, bottlenecks of the supply chain, and to ensure the welfare of their employees these reputed companies declared stay on production during the pandemic period.

Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Dynamics:

The constant rising need for interior designing for various different domestic as well as a commercial sector where the vital raw material of structural component is wood. The rising need in different forms of interior design like skirting line, ceiling, wood carving, wood trimming, wood flooring, and many more are expected to boost the need for wood and that will directly give a significant rise in the need for wood preservative chemicals too. Due to continuous growth in population the construction of new residential buildings, educational institutes, healthcare centers has led to rising in the need for wood and wood preservative chemicals respectively. With the help of advanced technology in the field of chemistry, new types of acrylic-based coating for wood with raised operating properties are boosting the global market of wood preservative chemicals. For example, reputed company Dow provides self-crosslinking acrylic and polyurethane-based acrylic resins for water-based finishing of wood. These special types of resins provide important advantages like instant growth of chemical resistance, negligible emissions of VOC, and instant release of coalescence on mixing with polyurethane dispersions. Rising rules and regulations on the usage of harmful chemicals like creosote, arsenic, and chromium. Due to carcinogenicity and toxicity of universal spread contaminants of chromium and arsenic in the environment is affecting global health hugely. As per the report of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI), it is observed that the exposure of chromium and arsenic inhabit a high threat to the environment. The creosote's vapors might lead to an irritation in the respiratory tract of living beings. Long disclosure of these mixtures of chemicals has given rise to fatal diseases like cancer of the scrotum and cancer of the skin because of direct contact during the treatment of wood. Thus, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) categorized these chemicals into Restricted Use Product (RUP) and applied strict laws on the usage of these chemical mixtures. The reputed industrial leaders in the market like Koppers, Janssen Pharmaceutica, and Troy Corporation are continuously working to evolve new chemicals with advanced technology such as polymeric betaine, copper azole, copper naphthenate, copper-HDO (Bis-(Ncyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy-copper) is expected to be in consent with the strict laws and regulations of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and in terms of results it is expected to be more worthwhile for the preservation of wood. Other new products with advanced technology are entering the market providing enhancement opportunities for the wood preservative chemicals market. There has been a great potential for wood preservative chemicals intake in Asian and African countries. The high population in the mentioned region gives enough chances to indulge in the need for wood preservative chemicals. The consumption of wood in growing countries is extensive, but the use of preservative chemicals is relatively low. Therefore, awareness regarding the advantages of wood preservative chemicals is obligatory in these regions and to grow awareness on priority is the dare for the reputed industries in the market. The reputed industrial companies like Koppers, Troy Corporation, Bayer, and BASF are getting involved in the exhibitions and seminars along with taking the help of media-based advertisements to conquer the challenge of restricted awareness regarding different benefits and uses of wood preservative chemicals.

Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Segment Analysis:

On the basis of Formulation, the Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market is segmented into four types as follows, Solvent-Based Chemicals, Water-Based Chemicals, and Oil-Based Chemicals, Organic Solvent-Based Chemicals. According to the MMR report, Water-Based Chemicals were dominant in the market in the year 2022. Water-based wood preservative chemicals are expected to be the fastest and extensively growing category during the forecast period. In the year 2022, Water-based chemicals have captured the largest share xx% in 2022. In comparison to organic-based solvent and oil-based categories, water-based chemicals are expected to be better because they have low emissions of VOC and hence show a good impact on the environment. The good news for this category is products such as copper-based preservative chemicals, a type of water-based chemicals, are rising in need resulting in an indirect impact on the growth of the global wood preservative market. On the basis of Application, the Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market is segmented into three types as follows, Industrial, Residential, and Commercial. According to the MMR report, the Industrial segment was dominant holding 49.50 % of overall market shares in the year 2022 and is expected to be the most fast-growing segment during the forecast period. The developing economies have led to the rapid growth of industrialization and this factor is expected to boost the wood preservative chemicals market in the future. The growth in spending in the construction sector is forecasted to boost the usage of the wood preservative chemicals market in the future. The wide application range of wood in outdoor and indoor in the industrial sector is also forecasted to increase the usage of wood preservative chemicals in upcoming years.

Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Regional Insights:

In the year 2022, North America had the largest shares of the Wood Preservative Chemicals Market. Due to constant growth in the usage of wood for residential as well as an industrial sector, there has been a rise in the need for wood preservative chemicals in North America. The construction sector is growing with the support of huge and heavy investments for the development of infrastructure is giving new chances to manufacturers of wood preservative chemicals in the specific region. Also, due to fast growth in industrialization, Asia Pacific is also counted as a booming market for wood preservative chemicals. The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive analysis of the global Wood Preservative Chemicals market to the stakeholders in the industry. The past and current status of the industry with the forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with the analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of the industry with a dedicated study of key players that include market leaders, followers, and new entrants. PORTER, PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors of the market have been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analysed, which will give a clear futuristic view of the industry to the decision-makers. The report also helps in understanding the global Wood Preservative Chemicals market dynamics, structure by analyzing the market segments and project the global Wood Preservative Chemicals market size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key players by product, price, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the global Wood Preservative Chemicals market make the report investor’s guide.

Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Scope: Inquire before buying

Wood Preservative Chemicals Market
Base Year 2022 Forecast Period 2023-2029
Historical Data CAGR Market Size in 2022 Market Size in 2029
2018 to 2022 4.2% US$ 1.73 Bn US$ 2.31 Bn
Segments Covered
by Formulation Solvent Based Chemicals Water Based Chemicals Oil Based Chemicals Organic Solvent Based Chemicals by Application Industrial Residential Commercial
Regions Covered
North America United States Canada Mexico Europe UK France Germany Italy Spain Sweden Austria Rest of Europe Asia Pacific China S Korea Japan India Australia Indonesia Malaysia Vietnam Taiwan Bangladesh Pakistan Rest of APAC Middle East and Africa South Africa GCC Egypt Nigeria Rest of ME&A South America Brazil Argentina Rest of South America

Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Key Players

1.Koppers (US) 2.Lonza (Switzerland) 3.Lanxess (Germany) 4.Cabot Microelectronics (US) 5.BASF Wolman (Germany) 6.Troy Corporation (US) 7.Jannsen Preservative and Material Protection 8.KMG Chemicals, Inc. 9.Kop-Coat Incorporated 10.Kurt Obermeier Gmbh & Co. KG 11.Lapeyre SA 12.Osmose Inc. 13.Rio Tinto Borax 14.Rutgers Organic and Viance LLC. 15.Copper Care Wood Preservatives, Inc. 16.Buckman Laboratories International, Inc. 17.Remmers Gruppe AG 18.Others Frequently Asked Questions: 1. Which region has the largest share in Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market? Ans: North America region held the highest share in 2022. 2. What is the growth rate of Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market? Ans: The Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market is growing at a CAGR of 4.2% during forecasting period 2023-2029. 3. What is scope of the Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market report? Ans: Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market report helps with the PESTEL, PORTER, COVID-19 Impact analysis, Recommendations for Investors & Leaders, and market estimation of the forecast period. 4. Who are the key players in Global Market? Ans: The important key players in the Global Market are – Koppers (US), Lonza (Switzerland), Lanxess (Germany), Cabot Microelectronics (US), BASF Wolman (Germany), Troy Corporation (US), Jannsen Preservative and Material Protection, KMG Chemicals, Inc., Kop-Coat Incorporated, Kurt Obermeier Gmbh & Co. KG, Lapeyre SA, Osmose Inc., Rio Tinto Borax, Rutgers Organic and Viance LLC., Copper Care Wood Preservatives, Inc., Buckman Laboratories International, Inc., Remmers Gruppe AG, and Others 5. What is the study period of this Market? Ans: The Global Market is studied from 2022 to 2029.
1. Preface 1.1. Market Definition and Key Research Objectives 1.2. Research Highlights 2. Assumptions and Research Methodology 2.1. Report Assumptions 2.2. Abbreviations 2.3. Research Methodology 2.3.1. Secondary Research 2.3.1.1. Secondary data 2.3.1.2. Secondary Sources 2.3.2. Primary Research 2.3.2.1. Data from Primary Sources 2.3.2.2. Breakdown of Primary Sources 3. Executive Summary: Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Size, by Market Value (US$ Mn) 3.1. Global Market Segmentation 3.2. Global Market Segmentation Share Analysis, 2022 3.2.1. Global 3.2.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 3.3. Geographical Snapshot of the Wood Preservative Chemicals Market 3.4. Geographical Snapshot of the Wood Preservative Chemicals Market, By Manufacturer share 4. Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Overview, 2022-2029 4.1. Market Dynamics 4.1.1. Drivers 4.1.1.1. Global 4.1.1.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 4.1.2. Restraints 4.1.2.1. Global 4.1.2.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 4.1.3. Opportunities 4.1.3.1. Global 4.1.3.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 4.1.4. Challenges 4.1.4.1. Global 4.1.4.2. By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East Africa) 4.1.5. Industry Trends and Emerging Technologies 4.1.6. Porters Five Forces Analysis 4.1.6.1. Threat of New Entrants 4.1.6.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers 4.1.6.3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4.1.6.4. Threat of Substitute Products 4.1.6.5. Intensity of Competitive Rivalry 4.1.7. Value Chain Analysis 4.1.8. Technological Roadmap 4.1.9. Regulatory landscape 4.1.10. Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market 5. Supply Side and Demand Side Indicators 6. Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecast, 2022-2029 6.1. Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Size & Y-o-Y Growth Analysis. 7. Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 7.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 7.1.1. Solvent Based Chemicals 7.1.2. Water Based Chemicals 7.1.3. Oil Based Chemicals 7.1.4. Organic Solvent Based Chemicals 7.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 7.2.1. Industrial 7.2.2. Residential 7.2.3. Commercial 8. Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, By Region 8.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Region, 2022-2029 8.1.1. North America 8.1.2. Europe 8.1.3. Asia-Pacific 8.1.4. Middle East & Africa 8.1.5. South America 9. North America Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 9.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 9.1.1. Solvent Based Chemicals 9.1.2. Water Based Chemicals 9.1.3. Oil Based Chemicals 9.1.4. Organic Solvent Based Chemicals 9.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 9.2.1. Industrial 9.2.2. Residential 9.2.3. Commercial 10. North America Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, By Country 10.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Country, 2022-2029 10.1.1. US 10.1.2. Canada 10.1.3. Mexico 11. U.S. Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 11.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 11.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 12. Canada Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 12.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 12.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 13. Mexico Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 13.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 13.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 14. Europe Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 14.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 14.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 15. Europe Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, By Country 15.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Country, 2022-2029 15.1.1. U.K 15.1.2. France 15.1.3. Germany 15.1.4. Italy 15.1.5. Spain 15.1.6. Sweden 15.1.7. CIS Countries 15.1.8. Rest of Europe 16. U.K. Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 16.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 16.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 17. France Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 17.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 17.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 18. Germany Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 18.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 18.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 19. Italy Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 19.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 19.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 20. Spain Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 20.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 20.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 21. Sweden Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 21.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 21.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 22. CIS Countries Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 22.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 22.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 23. Rest of Europe Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 23.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 23.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 24. Asia Pacific Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 24.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 24.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 25. Asia Pacific Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, by Country 25.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Country, 2022-2029 25.1.1. China 25.1.2. India 25.1.3. Japan 25.1.4. South Korea 25.1.5. Australia 25.1.6. ASEAN 25.1.7. Rest of Asia Pacific 26. China Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 26.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 26.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 27. India Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 27.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 27.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 28. Japan Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 28.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 28.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 29. South Korea Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 29.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 29.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 30. Australia Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 30.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 30.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 31. ASEAN Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 31.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 31.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 32. Rest of Asia Pacific Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 32.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 32.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 33. Middle East Africa Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 33.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 33.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 34. Middle East Africa Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, by Country 34.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast by Country, 2022-2029 34.1.1. South Africa 34.1.2. GCC Countries 34.1.3. Egypt 34.1.4. Nigeria 34.1.5. Rest of ME&A 35. South Africa Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 35.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 35.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 36. GCC Countries Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 36.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 36.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 37. Egypt Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 37.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 37.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 38. Nigeria Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 38.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 38.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 39. Rest of ME&A Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 39.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 39.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 40. South America Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 40.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 40.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 41. South America Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, by Country 41.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast by Country, 2022-2029 41.1.1. Brazil 41.1.2. Argentina 41.1.3. Rest of South America 42. Brazil Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 42.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 42.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 43. Argentina Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 43.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 43.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 44. Rest of South America Wood Preservative Chemicals Market Analysis and Forecasts, 2022-2029 44.1. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Formulation, 2022-2029 44.2. Market Size (Value) Estimates & Forecast By Application, 2022-2029 45. Competitive Landscape 45.1. Geographic Footprint of Major Players in the Global Wood Preservative Chemicals Market 45.2. Competition Matrix 45.2.1. Competitive Benchmarking of Key Players By Price, Presence, Market Share, Applications and R&D Investment 45.2.2. New Product Launches and Product Enhancements 45.2.3. Market Consolidation 45.2.3.1. M&A by Regions, Investment and Verticals 45.2.3.2. M&A, Forward Integration and Backward Integration 45.2.3.3. Partnership, Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances/ Sales Agreements 45.3. Company Profile : Key Players 45.3.1. Koppers (US) 45.3.1.1. Company Overview 45.3.1.2. Financial Overview 45.3.1.3. Geographic Footprint 45.3.1.4. Product Portfolio 45.3.1.5. Business Strategy 45.3.1.6. Recent Developments 45.3.2. Lonza (Switzerland) 45.3.3. Lanxess (Germany) 45.3.4. Cabot Microelectronics (US) 45.3.5. BASF Wolman (Germany) 45.3.6. Troy Corporation (US) 45.3.7. Jannsen Preservative and Material Protection 45.3.8. KMG Chemicals, Inc. 45.3.9. Kop-Coat Incorporated 45.3.10. Kurt Obermeier Gmbh & Co. KG 45.3.11.Lapeyre SA 45.3.12. Osmose Inc. 45.3.13. Rio Tinto Borax 45.3.14. Rutgers Organic and Viance LLC. 45.3.15. Copper Care Wood Preservatives, Inc. 45.3.16. Buckman Laboratories International, Inc. 45.3.17. Remmers Gruppe AG 45.3.18.Others 46. Primary Key Insights
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