Tire Building Machinery Market – Global Industry Analysis and Forecast (2023-2029) by Type, Application and Region

Tire Machinery Market size is expected to reach nearly US$ 867.57 Mn by 2029 with the CAGR of 2.3% during the forecast period. The report covers the detailed analysis of the Global Tire Building Machinery industry with the classifications of the market on the basis of structure, application, and region. Analysis of past market dynamics from 2017 to 2022 is given in the report, which will help readers to benchmark the past trends with current market scenarios with the key player's contribution in it. Tire Building Machinery Market To know about the Research Methodology :- Request Free Sample Report As the demand for the automotive industry is increasing so is the demand for tire building machinery. Tire building machinery is key machinery in process of tire manufacturing. A wide range of tire building machinery are available in the market. In the present scenario, manufacturers are adopting automation to enhance the tire manufacturing process and improve the quality of the tires. The growing need for high-quality tires in the rebounding automotive sector is anticipated to generate lucrative business opportunities in the market over the forecast period. The report has profiled eighteen key players in the market from different regions. However, the report has considered all market leaders, followers, and new entrants with investors while analyzing the market and estimating the size of the same. The manufacturing environment in each region is different and focus is given on the regional impact on the cost of manufacturing, supply chain, availability of raw materials, labor cost, availability of advanced technology, trusted vendors are analyzed and the report has come up with recommendations for a future hot spot in APAC region. Major country’s policies about manufacturing and its impact on market demand are covered in the report.

Tire Building Machinery Market Dynamics:

Growingsales of passenger and commercial vehicles is driving the market

Growing demand for passenger and commercial vehicles among the populace is expected to drive the market growth over the forecast period. In addition to this, the increasing need for the replacement of used tires is expected to fuel the market growth over the forecast period. Increasing demand for automation to improve the productivity of the tire manufacturing process is expected to accelerate the market growth during the forecast period. Growing disposable income and changing lifestyles of the populace are the supporting factors for the market growth. Almost 70% of tire manufacturing machinery present in the company are older than 15 years, growing demand for replacement of these outdated machinery is expected to propel the market growth over the forecast period. Overburdened public transport is expected to boost the demand for the passenger vehicle, which is further expected to create a positive influence on the market over the forecast period. The growing need for a variety of tires for a wide range of premium, mid-range, and heavy vehicles is expected to boost the market growth over the forecast period.

Difficulty in manufacturing of tire with specific requirement is expected to hinder the market growth.

The wide range of automotive require various specific tires, however, it is difficult for tire manufacturers to build tires with such specific requirements as it requires to change the entire building process. In addition to this, tire manufacturing is a complex process, disturbance in process at any stage may threaten the structural integrity of the tire. This further hampers the market growth during the forecast period.

Growing automation in the tire manufacturing process is expected to create new opportunities.

Growing automation and replacement of existing technology in the tire manufacturing process are expected to create lucrative opportunities for the market over the forecast period. Moreover, the rebounding automotive sector with the development of electric vehicles is expected to generate new prospects for market growth over the forecast period. Radial tire segment is expected to command the largest market share of xx% by 2029. Increasing demand for a radial tire for a high-performance premium vehicle is expected to boost the segment growth during the forecast period. Radial tires are highly preferred for high speed, they are ideal for sports cars. In addition to this, radial tires provide improved safety, efficiency, ride comfort, and longer life as compared to bias tires. All the above factors are expected to boost the segment growth over the forecast period. Passenger vehicle segment is expected to command the largest market share by 2029. Increasing passenger vehicle sales is expected to propel the segment growth during the forecast period. Increasing disposable income and changing lifestyle of the populace is expected to boost the segment growth during the forecast period. Overburdened public transport in urban areas is also expected to boost the segment growth during the forecast period. Increasing preference for a premium passenger vehicle in developed economies is the supporting factor for the segment. The commercial vehicle segment is also expected to experience significant growth during the forecast period. Thanks to the increasing use of commercial vehicles in the logistics sector.

Asia Pacific is expected to command the largest market share of xx% by 2029.

Asia pacific has commanded the largest market share of xx% in 2022 and is expected to continue its dominance during the forecast period. Increasing investment of major manufacturers in the emerging countries of APAC including China, India, South Korea, and Japan is expected to propel the market growth in the region. Growing population and disposable income in the region are fueling passenger vehicle sales, which is further expected to accelerate the market growth during the forecast period. China already holds the largest market share of the electric vehicle market, increasing technological advancement in China is expected to act as an engine for the market growth over the forecast period. The growing need for safe mobility and commutation is expected to boost the demand for high-quality tires for various automobiles, this is expected to propel the market growth over the forecast period. Increasing demand for tire replacement in mid-range vehicles across the emerging economies of APAC is expected to boost the market growth over the forecast period.North America and Europe are also expected to experience significant growth during the forecast period.Increasing demand for premium automobiles is expected to propel the market growth during the forecast period. Growing demand for commercial vehicles in various industries is the supporting factor for the market. The growing adoption of electric vehicles and the presence of a well-established charging service network are some of the factors responsible for the growth of the automotive sector in the region, this is further expected to accelerate the tire building machinery market over the forecast period.

Tire Building Machinery Market Covid-19 Impact:

• The coronavirus pandemic has placed tremendous pressure on businesses and sectors across the globe. Governments from all countries have introduced a lock-up to detect the transmission of infectious diseases. The contribution of these regulations has createda negative impact on automotive sector. • The coronavirus adversely impacted the Tire Building Machinery market. Restriction on public transportation andthe disruption caused by the lockdown would harm the market. Most of the sectors are not functioning properly due to the influence of Covid-19 which has caused an adverse impact on the Global Tire Building Machinery Market. The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive analysis of the Global Tire Building Machinery Market to the stakeholders in the industry. The past and current status of the industry with forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with the analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of the industry with a dedicated study of key players that includes market leaders, followers, and new entrants. PORTER, SVOR, PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors of the market have been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analyzed, which will give a clear futuristic view of the industry to the decision-makers. The report also helps in understanding Global Tire Building Machinery Market dynamics, structure by analyzing the market segments and project the Global Tire Building Machinery Market size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key players by product, price, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the Global Tire Building Machinery Market make the report investor’s guide.

Tire Building Machinery Market Competitive Insight:

The Manufacturers are investing in developing countries across the globe, which further improves their global presence and also provides new business opportunities. Companies are also introducing new advanced tire building machinery with improved performance. For instance, in 2018 SAFE – Run Machinery (Suzhou) Co. Ltd. Introduced SR-TPU a tire building machine for light trucks. This machine uses a two-stage process without manual operation which ensures dynamic balance and tire uniformity. The report also covers the detailed analysis of all the key players, their business strategies, and financial details.

Tire Building Machinery Market Scope: Inquire before buying

Tire Building Machinery Market
Report Coverage Details
Base Year: 2022 Forecast Period: 2023-2029
Historical Data: 2017 to 2022 Market Size in 2022: US $ 739.90 Mn.
Forecast Period 2023 to 2029 CAGR: 2.3% Market Size in 2029: US $ 867.57 Mn.
Segments Covered: by Structure • Bias Tire • Radial Tire
by Application • Commercial Vehicle • Passenger Vehicle

Tire Machinery Market, by Region

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico) • Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Austria and Rest of Europe) • Asia Pacific (China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Rest of APAC) • Middle East and Africa (South Africa, GCC, Egypt, Nigeria and Rest of ME&A) • South America (Brazil, Argentina Rest of South America)

Tire Building Machinery Market Key players:

• Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH • Larsen & Toubro Limited • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. • TKH Group NV • Shenyang Blue Silver Industry Automatic Equipment Co Ltd. • SAFE – Run Machinery (Suzhou) Co. Ltd. • Erdemtas • Pelmar • Intereuropean Srl • VMI Group • Samson Machinery Inc • Balluff • HF Tiretech • RRR Development • Shyr Chiuann Machinery • Marangoni Tyre Machinery • Yantai Friend Machinery • Guilin Rubber Machinery • HERBERT Maschinenbau GmbH • Ta Ku Machinery Frequently Asked Questions: 1. Which region has the largest share in Global Tire Building Machinery Market? Ans: Asia Pacific region held the highest share in 2022. 2. What is the growth rate of Global Tire Building Machinery Market? Ans: The Global Tire Building Machinery Market is growing at a CAGR of 2.3 % during forecasting period 2023-2029. 3. What is scope of the Global Tire Building Machinery Market report? Ans: Global Tire Building Machinery Market report helps with the PESTEL, PORTER, COVID-19 Impact analysis, Recommendations for Investors & Leaders, and market estimation of the forecast period. 4. Who are the key players in Global Tire Building Machinery Market? Ans: The important key players in the Global Tire Building Machinery Market are – Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH, Larsen & Toubro Limited, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., TKH Group NV, Shenyang Blue Silver Industry Automatic Equipment Co Ltd., SAFE – Run Machinery (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., Erdemtas, Pelmar, Intereuropean Srl, VMI Group, Samson Machinery Inc, Balluff, HF Tiretech, RRR Development, Shyr Chiuann Machinery, Marangoni Tyre Machinery, Yantai Friend Machinery, Guilin Rubber Machinery, HERBERT Maschinenbau GmbH, and Ta Ku Machinery. 5. What is the study period of this Market? Ans: The Global Tire Building Machinery Market is studied from 2022 to 2029.
1. Tire Building Machinery Market Introduction 1.1. Study Assumption and Market Definition 1.2. Scope of the Study 1.3. Executive Summary 2. Tire Building Machinery Market: Dynamics 2.1. Tire Building Machinery Market Trends by Region 2.1.1. North America Tire Building Machinery Market Trends 2.1.2. Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Trends 2.1.3. Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Trends 2.1.4. Middle East and Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Trends 2.1.5. South America Tire Building Machinery Market Trends 2.2. Tire Building Machinery Market Dynamics by Region 2.2.1. North America 2.2.1.1. North America Tire Building Machinery Market Drivers 2.2.1.2. North America Tire Building Machinery Market Restraints 2.2.1.3. North America Tire Building Machinery Market Opportunities 2.2.1.4. North America Tire Building Machinery Market Challenges 2.2.2. Europe 2.2.2.1. Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Drivers 2.2.2.2. Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Restraints 2.2.2.3. Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Opportunities 2.2.2.4. Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Challenges 2.2.3. Asia Pacific 2.2.3.1. Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Drivers 2.2.3.2. Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Restraints 2.2.3.3. Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Opportunities 2.2.3.4. Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Challenges 2.2.4. Middle East and Africa 2.2.4.1. Middle East and Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Drivers 2.2.4.2. Middle East and Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Restraints 2.2.4.3. Middle East and Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Opportunities 2.2.4.4. Middle East and Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Challenges 2.2.5. South America 2.2.5.1. South America Tire Building Machinery Market Drivers 2.2.5.2. South America Tire Building Machinery Market Restraints 2.2.5.3. South America Tire Building Machinery Market Opportunities 2.2.5.4. South America Tire Building Machinery Market Challenges 2.3. PORTER’s Five Forces Analysis 2.4. PESTLE Analysis 2.5. Technology Roadmap 2.6. Regulatory Landscape by Region 2.6.1. North America 2.6.2. Europe 2.6.3. Asia Pacific 2.6.4. Middle East and Africa 2.6.5. South America 2.7. Key Opinion Leader Analysis For Tire Building Machinery Industry 2.8. Analysis of Government Schemes and Initiatives For Tire Building Machinery Industry 2.9. Tire Building Machinery Market price trend Analysis (2021-22) 2.10. Tire Building Machinery Market Trade Analysis 2.10.1. Global Import Analysis 2.10.1.1. Top Importer of Tire Building Machinery 2.10.2. Global Export Analysis 2.10.2.1. Top Exporter of Tire Building Machinery 2.11. Tire Building Machinery Production Analysis 2.12. The Global Pandemic Impact on Tire Building Machinery Market 3. Tire Building Machinery Market: Global Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation by Demand and Supply Side (by Value and Volume) 2022-2029 3.1. Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 3.1.1. Bias Tire 3.1.2. Radial Tire 3.2. Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 3.2.1. Commercial Vehicle 3.2.2. Passenger Vehicle 3.3. Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Region (2022-2029) 3.3.1. North America 3.3.2. Europe 3.3.3. Asia Pacific 3.3.4. Middle East and Africa 3.3.5. South America 4. North America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value and Volume) 2022-2029 4.1. North America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 4.1.1. Bias Tire 4.1.2. Radial Tire 4.2. North America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 4.2.1. Commercial Vehicle 4.2.2. Passenger Vehicle 4.3. North America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2022-2029) 4.3.1. United States 4.3.1.1. United States Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 4.3.1.1.1. Bias Tire 4.3.1.1.2. Radial Tire 4.3.1.2. United States Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 4.3.1.2.1. Commercial Vehicle 4.3.1.2.2. Passenger Vehicle 4.3.2. Canada 4.3.2.1. Canada Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 4.3.2.1.1. Bias Tire 4.3.2.1.2. Radial Tire 4.3.2.2. Canada Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 4.3.2.2.1. Commercial Vehicle 4.3.2.2.2. Passenger Vehicle 4.3.3. Mexico 4.3.3.1. Mexico Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 4.3.3.1.1. Bias Tire 4.3.3.1.2. Radial Tire 4.3.3.2. Mexico Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 4.3.3.2.1. Commercial Vehicle 4.3.3.2.2. Passenger Vehicle 5. Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value and Volume) 2022-2029 5.1. Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 5.2. Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 5.3. Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2022-2029) 5.3.1. United Kingdom 5.3.1.1. United Kingdom Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 5.3.1.2. United Kingdom Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 5.3.2. France 5.3.2.1. France Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 5.3.2.2. France Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 5.3.3. Germany 5.3.3.1. Germany Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 5.3.3.2. Germany Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 5.3.4. Italy 5.3.4.1. Italy Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 5.3.4.2. Italy Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 5.3.5. Spain 5.3.5.1. Spain Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 5.3.5.2. Spain Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 5.3.6. Sweden 5.3.6.1. Sweden Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 5.3.6.2. Sweden Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 5.3.7. Austria 5.3.7.1. Austria Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 5.3.7.2. Austria Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 5.3.8. Rest of Europe 5.3.8.1. Rest of Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 5.3.8.2. Rest of Europe Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6. Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value and Volume) 2022-2029 6.1. Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.2. Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3. Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2022-2029) 6.3.1. China 6.3.1.1. China Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.1.2. China Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3.2. S Korea 6.3.2.1. S Korea Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.2.2. S Korea Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3.3. Japan 6.3.3.1. Japan Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.3.2. Japan Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3.4. India 6.3.4.1. India Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.4.2. India Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3.5. Australia 6.3.5.1. Australia Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.5.2. Australia Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3.6. Indonesia 6.3.6.1. Indonesia Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.6.2. Indonesia Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3.7. Malaysia 6.3.7.1. Malaysia Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.7.2. Malaysia Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3.8. Vietnam 6.3.8.1. Vietnam Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.8.2. Vietnam Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3.9. Taiwan 6.3.9.1. Taiwan Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.9.2. Taiwan Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 6.3.10. Rest of Asia Pacific 6.3.10.1. Rest of Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 6.3.10.2. Rest of Asia Pacific Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 7. Middle East and Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value and Volume) 2022-2029 7.1. Middle East and Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 7.2. Middle East and Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 7.3. Middle East and Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2022-2029) 7.3.1. South Africa 7.3.1.1. South Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 7.3.1.2. South Africa Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 7.3.2. GCC 7.3.2.1. GCC Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 7.3.2.2. GCC Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 7.3.3. Nigeria 7.3.3.1. Nigeria Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 7.3.3.2. Nigeria Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 7.3.4. Rest of ME&A 7.3.4.1. Rest of ME&A Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 7.3.4.2. Rest of ME&A Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 8. South America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value and Volume) 2022-2029 8.1. South America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 8.2. South America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 8.3. South America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2022-2029) 8.3.1. Brazil 8.3.1.1. Brazil Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 8.3.1.2. Brazil Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 8.3.2. Argentina 8.3.2.1. Argentina Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 8.3.2.2. Argentina Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 8.3.3. Rest Of South America 8.3.3.1. Rest Of South America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Structure (2022-2029) 8.3.3.2. Rest Of South America Tire Building Machinery Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2022-2029) 9. Global Tire Building Machinery Market: Competitive Landscape 9.1. MMR Competition Matrix 9.2. Competitive Landscape 9.3. Key Players Benchmarking 9.3.1. Company Name 9.3.2. Business Segment 9.3.3. End-user Segment 9.3.4. Revenue (2022) 9.3.5. Production of 2022 9.3.6. Company Locations 9.4. Leading Tire Building Machinery Market Companies, by market capitalization 9.5. Analysis of Organized and Unorganized Key Players in Tire Building Machinery Industry 9.6. Market Structure 9.6.1. Market Leaders 9.6.2. Market Followers 9.6.3. Emerging Players 9.7. Mergers and Acquisitions Details 10. Company Profile: Key Players 10.1. Harburg-Freudenberger Maschinenbau GmbH 10.1.1. Company Overview 10.1.2. Business Portfolio 10.1.3. Financial Overview 10.1.4. SWOT Analysis 10.1.5. Strategic Analysis 10.1.6. Scale of Operation (small, medium, and large) 10.1.7. Details on Partnership 10.1.8. Regulatory Accreditations and Certifications Received by Them 10.1.9. Awards Received by the Firm 10.1.10. Recent Developments 10.2. Larsen & Toubro Limited 10.3. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. 10.4. TKH Group NV 10.5. Shenyang Blue Silver Industry Automatic Equipment Co Ltd. 10.6. SAFE – Run Machinery (Suzhou) Co. Ltd. 10.7. Erdemtas 10.8. Pelmar 10.9. Intereuropean Srl 10.10. VMI Group 10.11. Samson Machinery Inc 10.12. Balluff 10.13. HF Tiretech 10.14. RRR Development 10.15. Shyr Chiuann Machinery 10.16. Marangoni Tyre Machinery 10.17. Yantai Friend Machinery 10.18. Guilin Rubber Machinery 10.19. HERBERT Maschinenbau GmbH 10.20. Ta Ku Machinery 11. Key Findings 12. Industry Recommendations 13. Tire Building Machinery Market: Research Methodology 14. Terms and Glossary
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