The Advanced Process Control Market size was valued at USD 19.54 Bn in 2023 and the total Advanced Process Control Market revenue is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.82% from 2024 to 2030, reaching nearly USD 35.32 Bn.Advanced Process Control Market Overview
Advanced process control is a software system containing multifaceted functions which optimizes the overall efficiency of the production leading to reduced efforts and cost of the whole process. It automates and standardizes various functions which increases the quality of the products. Sighting these benefits various industries such as manufacturing, refining, petrochemicals, mining, and food and beverage are updating their traditional process and giving a push to the advanced process control market.To know about the Research Methodology:- Request Free Sample Report The world is moving at a fast pace due to recent advancements in AI and ML. It has further enhanced the scope of Advanced Process Control by integrating data and algorithms that empower control systems to mitigate complex problems without any human intervention. Governments worldwide have implemented various national policies and initiatives to promote the use of blockchain, AI, the Internet of Things, and robotic systems in manufacturing operations. The initiatives in the private sector to nurture global investment and cooperation on business expansion have also generated a positive push for some established companies. Therefore, the demand in the advanced process control market is expected to rise due to technological advancement, Government and private efforts, and operational efficiency.
Advanced Process Control Market Dynamics:
Driver: The increasing automation demands in industrial processes from a fundamental necessity to enhance efficiency and cost-effectiveness The Competition between companies to increase their market share and provide products at competitive prices and quality created a need for automation. In today’s competitive industrial landscape, traditional manual control methods are lacking in delivering the required accuracy and optimization levels. This need of the industry can be satisfied by the introduction of Advanced Process Control in the production process. By utilizing advanced algorithms, data analytics, and predictive forecasting, APC systems empower industries to automate and optimize processes to their maximum potential. Sectors that are highly regulated and need precision in safety, quality, and legal compliance such as pharmaceutical, chemicals, oil and gas etc. are adopting APC to get an edge in the Advanced Process Control Industry. APC prevents the loss of resources as well as reduces pollution by following stringent good manufacturing practices. This helps companies to attain their goal of environmental safety and sustainable development. Integration of AI and ML into the Advanced Process Control has increased the capacity and strength of solving complex problems which is a tedious process with traditional operation methodologies. Ex. In Oil and gas industry complex calculations are needed for the safe extraction of products. Minute mistakes in calculations can lead to major accidents. AI and ML algorithms can analyze historical data to predict equipment failures before they occur. By monitoring various parameters such as temperature, pressure, vibration, etc., these algorithms can detect patterns indicative of potential issues and trigger alarms for probable anomalies. All of these operational feasibilities enhanced the demand in the advanced process control market. Challenges: Although automation seems to be the need of the hour, Integrating APC systems with existing manufacturing infrastructure, such as control systems and legacy equipment, can be challenging. Compatibility issues, data incorporation problems, and communication methodology may need to be addressed to ensure seamless integration and operation. AS APC systems are becoming increasingly interconnected and digitized, they also become more vulnerable to cyber threats such as hacking, malware, and data breaches. Advanced process control market leaders should ensure robust cyber security measures to protect sensitive manufacturing data and maintain the integrity of APC systems. Opportunity: Rapid industrialization and infrastructure development in developing economies offer substantial growth opportunities advanced process control market. As developing economies undergo substantial transformations and expansions, there is a rise in demand for increased operational efficiency, coordinated processes, and enhanced productivity across diverse sectors. Industries are keen on harnessing technology to optimize operations and gain a competitive edge in the global market. With a primary focus on efficiency enhancement and cost reduction, enterprises in these regions are increasingly emphasizing the strategic importance of APC solutions in fulfilling their operational objectives. Moreover, there is ample opportunity for the application of APC technologies in ongoing infrastructure projects in emerging economies, which include those in the manufacturing, energy, and utility sectors. These initiatives usually include the construction of new facilities, the upgradation of current infrastructure, and the implementation of cutting-edge production techniques. As a result, they provide APC solution providers customized chances to handle particular project requirements and complexity. Also, the demand for requirements is being fuelled by the fast urbanization and population rise in emerging economies, triggering the need for greater production capacity and operational efficiency. APC solutions are essential for streamlining operations, reducing resource waste, and improving product quality. The growing emphasis on environmental responsibility and sustainability in developing nations opens up yet another way that APC manufacturers can leverage to grow sales. APC solutions support the sustainability goals of these regions' businesses, communities, and governments by helping the industry reduce energy use, manage emissions, and improve resource usage. APC solution suppliers have significant growth potential due to the rapid pace of industrialization, infrastructural expansion, and changing business dynamics in developing economies.Advanced Process Control Market Segment Analysis
Based on product: The advanced process control market is broadly categorized into three segments i.e. Hardware, software, and service sector. The service sector is dominating among the categories due to widespread coverage of APC in developed countries in North America and Europe. The hardware segment is further subcategorized as Control Systems, Interface & Display and Computing Systems. The hardware segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of xx% over the forecast period. The software segment is expected to grow rapidly in the global market owing to rising demand for advanced process control software in various end-user industries. Software solutions are customized as per the production requirements, which helps in improving service and customer needs. Customization in software reduces the cost and increases the profitability of the user. Advanced process control software systems include model-based software solutions which are used to direct process workings. The APC applications are commonly identified as model predictive control or multivariable predictive control. Based on industry vertical: The advanced process control market is segmented into various categories based on end industry users, it includes Manufacturing, Oil and Gas, Energy and Power, Pharmaceutical, Food and Beverage, Pulp and paper, chemicals, and Automobiles. Advanced Process Control plays a vital role in the oil and gas industry as it requires complex problem-solving and continuous data analysis of the information gathered from various sensors to maintain the safety and quality of the product. Various processes were done manually earlier, it used to cause high number of errors. APC reduced the errors and increased the pace of work.
Advanced Process Control Market Regional Insights:
Over the course of the forecast period, it is anticipated that the Asia Pacific region will maintain its leading position in the global advanced process control market. The need for advanced process control software in APAC is expected to increase due to the rise of major nations like China and India. These economies are booming with GDP growth rate in the range of 4-7%. It indicates the rise of the manufacturing sector in the region which will further heighten the growth in the advanced process control Market. The APC sector has seen significant growth in North America, especially the United States, owing to its robust industrial base, extensive integration of new technologies, and emphasis on productivity and efficiency. The industry is well-developed in the region, with well-established businesses offering state-of-the-art APC solutions to businesses in manufacturing, chemicals, oil & gas, and chemicals. Because of its strong manufacturing sector, stringent regulations, and emphasis on sustainability, Europe is another significant market for APCs. Europe's APC sector is heavily influenced by nations like Germany, France, and the UK, whose businesses invest in cutting-edge control technology to boost productivity and adhere to legal requirements.Advanced Process Control Market Scope: Inquire before buying
Advanced Process Control Market Report Coverage Details Base Year: 2023 Forecast Period: 2024-2030 Historical Data: 2018 to 2023 Market Size in 2023: US $ 19.54 Bn. Forecast Period 2024 to 2030 CAGR: 19.54% Market Size in 2030: US $ 35.32 Bn. Segments Covered: by Industry Vertical Manufacturing Oil and Gas Energy and Power Pharmaceutical Food and Beverage Pulp and paper Chemical Automobiles by Industry Vertical Hardware Control Systems Interface & Display Computing Systems Others Software Service Advanced Process Control Market, by Region
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico) Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Austria and Rest of Europe) Asia Pacific (China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Rest of APAC) Middle East and Africa (South Africa, GCC, Egypt, Nigeria and Rest of ME&A) South America (Brazil, Argentina Rest of South America)Advanced Process Control Key Players
1. ABB Ltd. 2. Applied Materials, Inc. 3. Aspen Technology, Inc. 4. Dassault Systèmes SE 5. Emerson Electric Co. 6. FLSmidth & Co. A/S 7. General Electric Company 8. Hitachi, Ltd. 9. Honeywell International Inc. 10. Invensys Ltd. 11. Johnson Controls International plc 12. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 13. NovaTech Process Solutions LLC 14. Omron Corporation 15. Rockwell Automation, Inc. 16. Rudolph Technologies, Inc. 17. Schneider Electric SE 18. Siemens AG 19. Yokogawa Electric Corporation Frequently Asked Questions: 1] What are the challenges faced by players in the Advanced Process Control Market? Ans. Cost constrains, incompatibility of current machinery, cyber-attack etc. are major challenges faced by players. 2] Which region held the largest Advanced Process Control Market share in 2023? Ans. The Asia Pacific region held the largest Advanced Process Control Market share in 2023 3] What is the expected Advanced Process Control Market size by 2030? Ans. The Advanced Process Control Market size is expected to reach US$ 35.32Bn by 2030. 4] Who are the major players in the Advanced Process Control market? Ans. ABB Ltd.,Applied Materials, Inc. ,Aspen Technology, Inc. ,Dassault Systèmes Emerson Electric Co. ,FLSmidth & Co. A/S etc. are major in the Advanced Process Control market. 5] What is the expected CAGR of the Global Advanced Process Control Market during the forecast period? Ans. The expected CAGR of the Advanced Process Control Market is 8.82% during the forecast period.
1. Advanced Process Control Market Introduction 1.1. Study Assumption and Market Definition 1.2. Scope of the Study 1.3. Executive Summary 2. Advanced Process Control Market: Dynamics 2.1. Advanced Process Control Market Trends by Region 2.1.1. North America Advanced Process Control Market Trends 2.1.2. Europe Advanced Process Control Market Trends 2.1.3. Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Trends 2.1.4. Middle East and Africa Advanced Process Control Market Trends 2.1.5. South America Advanced Process Control Market Trends 2.2. Advanced Process Control Market Dynamics by Region 2.2.1. North America 2.2.1.1. North America Advanced Process Control Market Drivers 2.2.1.2. North America Advanced Process Control Market Restraints 2.2.1.3. North America Advanced Process Control Market Opportunities 2.2.1.4. North America Advanced Process Control Market Challenges 2.2.2. Europe 2.2.2.1. Europe Advanced Process Control Market Drivers 2.2.2.2. Europe Advanced Process Control Market Restraints 2.2.2.3. Europe Advanced Process Control Market Opportunities 2.2.2.4. Europe Advanced Process Control Market Challenges 2.2.3. Asia Pacific 2.2.3.1. Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Drivers 2.2.3.2. Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Restraints 2.2.3.3. Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Opportunities 2.2.3.4. Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Challenges 2.2.4. Middle East and Africa 2.2.4.1. Middle East and Africa Advanced Process Control Market Drivers 2.2.4.2. Middle East and Africa Advanced Process Control Market Restraints 2.2.4.3. Middle East and Africa Advanced Process Control Market Opportunities 2.2.4.4. Middle East and Africa Advanced Process Control Market Challenges 2.2.5. South America 2.2.5.1. South America Advanced Process Control Market Drivers 2.2.5.2. South America Advanced Process Control Market Restraints 2.2.5.3. South America Advanced Process Control Market Opportunities 2.2.5.4. South America Advanced Process Control Market Challenges 2.3. PORTER’s Five Forces Analysis 2.4. PESTLE Analysis 2.5. Technology Roadmap 2.6. Regulatory Landscape by Region 2.6.1. North America 2.6.2. Europe 2.6.3. Asia Pacific 2.6.4. Middle East and Africa 2.6.5. South America 2.7. Key Opinion Leader Analysis For Advanced Process Control Industry 2.8. Analysis of Government Schemes and Initiatives For Advanced Process Control Industry 2.9. Advanced Process Control Market Trade Analysis 2.10. The Global Pandemic Impact on Advanced Process Control Market 3. Advanced Process Control Market: Global Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation by Demand and Supply Side (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 3.1. Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 3.1.1. Manufacturing 3.1.2. Oil and Gas 3.1.3. Energy and Power 3.1.4. Pharmaceutical 3.1.5. Food and Beverage 3.1.6. Pulp and paper 3.1.7. Chemical 3.1.8. Automobiles 3.2. Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 3.2.1. Hardware 3.2.2. Software 3.2.3. Service 3.3. Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Region (2023-2030) 3.3.1. North America 3.3.2. Europe 3.3.3. Asia Pacific 3.3.4. Middle East and Africa 3.3.5. South America 4. North America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 4.1. North America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 4.1.1. Manufacturing 4.1.2. Oil and Gas 4.1.3. Energy and Power 4.1.4. Pharmaceutical 4.1.5. Food and Beverage 4.1.6. Pulp and paper 4.1.7. Chemical 4.1.8. Automobiles 4.2. North America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 4.2.1. Hardware 4.2.2. Software 4.2.3. Service 4.3. North America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 4.3.1. United States 4.3.1.1. United States Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 4.3.1.1.1. Manufacturing 4.3.1.1.2. Oil and Gas 4.3.1.1.3. Energy and Power 4.3.1.1.4. Pharmaceutical 4.3.1.1.5. Food and Beverage 4.3.1.1.6. Pulp and paper 4.3.1.1.7. Chemical 4.3.1.1.8. Automobiles 4.3.1.2. United States Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 4.3.1.2.1. Hardware 4.3.1.2.2. Software 4.3.1.2.3. Service 4.3.2. Canada 4.3.2.1. Canada Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 4.3.2.1.1. Manufacturing 4.3.2.1.2. Oil and Gas 4.3.2.1.3. Energy and Power 4.3.2.1.4. Pharmaceutical 4.3.2.1.5. Food and Beverage 4.3.2.1.6. Pulp and paper 4.3.2.1.7. Chemical 4.3.2.1.8. Automobiles 4.3.2.2. Canada Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 4.3.2.2.1. Hardware 4.3.2.2.2. Software 4.3.2.2.3. Service 4.3.3. Mexico 4.3.3.1. Mexico Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 4.3.3.1.1. Manufacturing 4.3.3.1.2. Oil and Gas 4.3.3.1.3. Energy and Power 4.3.3.1.4. Pharmaceutical 4.3.3.1.5. Food and Beverage 4.3.3.1.6. Pulp and paper 4.3.3.1.7. Chemical 4.3.3.1.8. Automobiles 4.3.3.2. Mexico Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 4.3.3.2.1. Hardware 4.3.3.2.2. Software 4.3.3.2.3. Service 5. Europe Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 5.1. Europe Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 5.2. Europe Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.3. Europe Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 5.3.1. United Kingdom 5.3.1.1. United Kingdom Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 5.3.1.2. United Kingdom Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.3.2. France 5.3.2.1. France Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 5.3.2.2. France Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.3.3. Germany 5.3.3.1. Germany Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 5.3.3.2. Germany Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.3.4. Italy 5.3.4.1. Italy Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 5.3.4.2. Italy Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.3.5. Spain 5.3.5.1. Spain Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 5.3.5.2. Spain Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.3.6. Sweden 5.3.6.1. Sweden Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 5.3.6.2. Sweden Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.3.7. Austria 5.3.7.1. Austria Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 5.3.7.2. Austria Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 5.3.8. Rest of Europe 5.3.8.1. Rest of Europe Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 5.3.8.2. Rest of Europe Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6. Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 6.1. Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.2. Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3. Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 6.3.1. China 6.3.1.1. China Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.1.2. China Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3.2. S Korea 6.3.2.1. S Korea Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.2.2. S Korea Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3.3. Japan 6.3.3.1. Japan Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.3.2. Japan Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3.4. India 6.3.4.1. India Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.4.2. India Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3.5. Australia 6.3.5.1. Australia Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.5.2. Australia Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3.6. Indonesia 6.3.6.1. Indonesia Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.6.2. Indonesia Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3.7. Malaysia 6.3.7.1. Malaysia Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.7.2. Malaysia Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3.8. Vietnam 6.3.8.1. Vietnam Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.8.2. Vietnam Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3.9. Taiwan 6.3.9.1. Taiwan Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.9.2. Taiwan Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 6.3.10. Rest of Asia Pacific 6.3.10.1. Rest of Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 6.3.10.2. Rest of Asia Pacific Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7. Middle East and Africa Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 7.1. Middle East and Africa Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 7.2. Middle East and Africa Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7.3. Middle East and Africa Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 7.3.1. South Africa 7.3.1.1. South Africa Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 7.3.1.2. South Africa Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7.3.2. GCC 7.3.2.1. GCC Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 7.3.2.2. GCC Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7.3.3. Nigeria 7.3.3.1. Nigeria Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 7.3.3.2. Nigeria Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 7.3.4. Rest of ME&A 7.3.4.1. Rest of ME&A Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 7.3.4.2. Rest of ME&A Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 8. South America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value in USD Million) 2023-2030 8.1. South America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 8.2. South America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 8.3. South America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 8.3.1. Brazil 8.3.1.1. Brazil Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 8.3.1.2. Brazil Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 8.3.2. Argentina 8.3.2.1. Argentina Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 8.3.2.2. Argentina Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 8.3.3. Rest Of South America 8.3.3.1. Rest Of South America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Industry Vertical (2023-2030) 8.3.3.2. Rest Of South America Advanced Process Control Market Size and Forecast, by Product (2023-2030) 9. Global Advanced Process Control Market: Competitive Landscape 9.1. MMR Competition Matrix 9.2. Competitive Landscape 9.3. Key Players Benchmarking 9.3.1. Company Name 9.3.2. Business Segment 9.3.3. End-user Segment 9.3.4. Revenue (2022) 9.3.5. Company Locations 9.4. Leading Advanced Process Control Market Companies, by market capitalization 9.5. Market Structure 9.5.1. Market Leaders 9.5.2. Market Followers 9.5.3. Emerging Players 9.6. Mergers and Acquisitions Details 10. Company Profile: Key Players 10.1. ABB Ltd. 10.1.1. Company Overview 10.1.2. Business Portfolio 10.1.3. Financial Overview 10.1.4. SWOT Analysis 10.1.5. Strategic Analysis 10.1.6. Scale of Operation (small, medium, and large) 10.1.7. Details on Partnership 10.1.8. Regulatory Accreditations and Certifications Received by Them 10.1.9. Awards Received by the Firm 10.1.10. Recent Developments 10.2. Applied Materials, Inc. 10.3. Aspen Technology, Inc. 10.4. Dassault Systèmes SE 10.5. Emerson Electric Co. 10.6. FLSmidth & Co. A/S 10.7. General Electric Company 10.8. Hitachi, Ltd. 10.9. Honeywell International Inc. 10.10. Invensys Ltd. 10.11. Johnson Controls International plc 10.12. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 10.13. NovaTech Process Solutions LLC 10.14. Omron Corporation 10.15. Rockwell Automation, Inc. 10.16. Rudolph Technologies, Inc. 10.17. Schneider Electric SE 10.18. Siemens AG 10.19. Yokogawa Electric Corporation 11. Key Findings 12. Industry Recommendations 13. Advanced Process Control Market: Research Methodology 14. Terms and Glossary