Global Beveling Machine Market size was valued at USD 359.83 Mn. in 2023 and the total revenue of Beveling Machine is expected to grow by 4.3 % from 2024 to 2030, reaching nearly USD 483.16 Mn.Beveling Machine Market Overview:
A beveling machine is a small precision machine tool specializing in the manufacture of molds, hardware machinery, the manufacture of machine tools, hydraulic components, the manufacture of valves, and manufacturing methods such as milling and planning burrs. It overcomes the difficulties of current machines and electrical instruments, has the benefits of ease, speed, and precision, and is the accurate option for cutting metal items by chamfering. A safe and low-cost alternative and growing demand for pipe beveling from different application segments are expected to guarantee the growth of business during the forecast period.To know about the Research Methodology :- Request Free Sample Report Other Techniques of Beveling Machines that boost the growth of the market. Pipe beveling is nothing but the act of creating an angle between the side of a pipe or tube's end and a flat perpendicular to the top beveling apparatus. Numerous beveling machines, such as compact beveling machines, clamshells, and stationery beveling machines, are on the market and are in demand for the respective task. Stationary pipe beveling machines are also faster than other techniques such as hand grinding, flame cutting, and hand-holding bevelers into a lathe. No dirty operations like hand grinding or torching anymore which saves time. The cycle time is usually in the 5 to 20-second range. It eliminates the ergonomic problems from handling hand tools by operators. Both the chips are stored inside the unit, better than hand grinding or torching. The cost of operation is low, often using industry-standard carbide tooling. Special forms are generated easily, such as J-bevels. When set up, a non-skilled operator may run it. High initial investment costs and the complexity of the beveling machine’s operation can hamper the market Beveling machines are expensive, and the initial investment cost can be an obstacle for some businesses or new entrants. Creating high-quality bevels requires skilled operators and it can be complex to operate. The bevel machines are more powerful machines if they are not operated properly there can be a risk of accidents. There are other manual beveling tools that are available, which are not expensive and can be operated easily compared to the beveling machines. Although the manual beveling tools are not as efficient or accurate as beveling machines. Hence, this can deter the growth of the Beveling Machine Market. Rising demand for beveling machines markets in emerging countries creates opportunities for the beveling machine market Various countries are developing and emerging for the beveling machines market, such as China, India, and Brazil, which are experiencing quick economic growth. The demand for beveling machines upsurges as the investment in infrastructure and manufacturing projects increases. The adoption of automation for the improvement of efficiency and productivity in the manufacturing industry raises the demand for automated beveling machines. There are various industries such as Marine and offshore, Automotive, Industrial, and others that use the beveling machine. Rising awareness and the benefits of beveling machines creates an opportunity for new business and new entrants. The market players in the beveling machine market are capitalizing on these types of opportunities for the growth of their business.
Beveling Machine Market Segment Analysis
Based on the Type, The electric-type beveling machine segment dominated the market in the year 2023 and is expected to dominate throughout the forecast period. The increasing demand for electric beveling machines in the automotive, construction, and manufacturing industries due to their efficiency and it is versatility. The pneumatic beveling machine segment is the second largest segment followed by the electric segment of the beveling machine market by type. Whereas pneumatic beveling machines are used to bevel at a broader range of materials and pneumatic beveling machines are not tha expensive compared to electric beveling machines and are less complex to operate.Based on the Industry, The automotive industry dominated the beveling machine market by industry in the year 2023 and is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period. The demand for beveling machines in the automotive industry is increasing to bevel metal parts such as car frames, bumpers, and doors. Whereas the marine and offshore industry is the second-largest segment in the market. The segment’s growth is driven by the increasing demand for beveling machines in the marine and offshore industries. However, the Industrial and other segments are increasing rapidly as well.
Beveling Machine Market Regional Insights:
Asia Pacific region dominated the beveling machine market in the year 2023 with 41% of global market share. The demand for beveling machines is increasing in this region as the construction industry in the Asia Pacific region is booming with numerous large-scale infrastructure projects underway. Asia-Pacific has a large share of Beveling Machine in emerging economies and is projected to further accelerate and the product is supplied by numerous players worldwide. The region leads the market because countries such as China, India, and Japan are developing and emerging economies where the China has the largest market followed by Japan and India. North America region is the second-largest market in the global beveling machine market as the native players in the industry are in great numbers which boosts the growth of the market.The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive analysis of the Beveling Machine Market including all the stakeholders of the Application. The past and current status of the Application with forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with the analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of the Application with a dedicated study of key players that includes market leaders, followers, and new entrants by region. PORTER, SVOR, and PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors by region on the market have been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analyzed, which will give a clear futuristic view of the Application to the decision-makers. The report also helps in understanding the Beveling Machine Market dynamics, and structure by analyzing the market segments and projecting the Beveling Machine Industry size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key players by type, price, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the Beveling Machine Market makes the report an investor’s guide.
Beveling Machine Market Scope: Inquiry Before Buying
Beveling Machine Market Report Coverage Details Base Year: 2023 Forecast Period: 2024-2030 Historical Data: 2018 to 2023 Market Size in 2023: US $ 359.83 Mn. Forecast Period 2024 to 2030 CAGR: 4.3% Market Size in 2030: US $ 483.16 Mn. Segments Covered: by Type Pneumatic Electric Engine Others by Application Profiles Plates Pipes by Industry Marine & Offshore Automotive Industrial Others Beveling Machine Market by Region
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico) Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Austria, and the Rest of Europe) Asia Pacific (China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and the Rest of APAC) Middle East and Africa (South Africa, GCC, Egypt, Nigeria, and the Rest of ME&A) South America (Brazil, Argentina Rest of South America)Beveling Machine Key Players
1. Ferro Valley Tools [New Mexico, United States] 2. Steelmax 3. Jet Tools 4. H & M 5. DWT Gmbh [Bottrop, Germany] 6. CS Unitec 7. SAAR USA 8. Euroboor 9. Promotech 10. Trumpf 11. PROTEM 12. Mathey DearmanFrequently Asked Questions:
1] What segments are covered in the Global Beveling Machine Market report? Ans. The segments covered in the market report are based on Type, Application, Industry, and Region. 2] Which region is expected to hold the highest share of the Global Beveling Machine Market? Ans. The Asia Pacific region is expected to hold the highest share of the market. 3] What is the market size of the Global Beveling Machine Market by 2030? Ans. The market size of the market by 2030 is expected to reach US$ 483.16 Mn. 4] What is the forecast period for the Global Beveling Machine Market? Ans. The forecast period for the market is 2024-2030 5] What was the market size of the Global Beveling Machine Market in 2023? Ans. The market size of the market in 2023 was valued at US$ 359.83 Mn.
1. Beveling Machine Market: Research Methodology 2. Beveling Machine Market Introduction 2.1. Study Assumption and Market Definition 2.2. Scope of the Study 2.3. Executive Summary 3. Beveling Machine Market: Dynamics 3.1. Beveling Machine Market Trends by Region 3.1.1. Global Beveling Machine Market Trends 3.1.2. North America Beveling Machine Market Trends 3.1.3. Europe Beveling Machine Market Trends 3.1.4. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Trends 3.1.5. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Trends 3.1.6. South America Beveling Machine Market Trends 3.2. Beveling Machine Market Dynamics by Region 3.2.1. North America 3.2.1.1. North America Beveling Machine Market Drivers 3.2.1.2. North America Beveling Machine Market Restraints 3.2.1.3. North America Beveling Machine Market Opportunities 3.2.1.4. North America Beveling Machine Market Challenges 3.2.2. Europe 3.2.2.1. Europe Beveling Machine Market Drivers 3.2.2.2. Europe Beveling Machine Market Restraints 3.2.2.3. Europe Beveling Machine Market Opportunities 3.2.2.4. Europe Beveling Machine Market Challenges 3.2.3. Asia Pacific 3.2.3.1. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Drivers 3.2.3.2. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Restraints 3.2.3.3. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Opportunities 3.2.3.4. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Challenges 3.2.4. Middle East and Africa 3.2.4.1. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Drivers 3.2.4.2. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Restraints 3.2.4.3. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Opportunities 3.2.4.4. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Challenges 3.2.5. South America 3.2.5.1. South America Beveling Machine Market Drivers 3.2.5.2. South America Beveling Machine Market Restraints 3.2.5.3. South America Beveling Machine Market Opportunities 3.2.5.4. South America Beveling Machine Market Challenges 3.3. PORTER’s Five Forces Analysis 3.4. PESTLE Analysis 3.5. Industry Roadmap 3.6. Regulatory Landscape by Region 3.6.1. Global 3.6.2. North America 3.6.3. Europe 3.6.4. Asia Pacific 3.6.5. Middle East and Africa 3.6.6. South America 3.7. Key Opinion Leader Analysis For Industry 3.8. Analysis of Government Schemes and Initiatives Industry 3.9. The Global Pandemic Impact on the Beveling Machine Market 4. Beveling Machine Market: Global Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation by Demand and Supply Side (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030) 4.1. Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 4.1.1. Pneumatic 4.1.2. Electric 4.1.3. Engine 4.1.4. Others 4.2. Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 4.2.1. Profiles 4.2.2. Plates 4.2.3. Pipes 4.3. Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 4.3.1. Marine & Offshore 4.3.2. Automotive 4.3.3. Industrial 4.3.4. Others 4.4. Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Region (2023-2030) 4.4.1. North America 4.4.2. Europe 4.4.3. Asia Pacific 4.4.4. Middle East and Africa 4.4.5. South America 5. North America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation by Demand and Supply Side (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030) 5.1. North America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 5.1.1. Pneumatic 5.1.2. Electric 5.1.3. Engine 5.1.4. Others 5.2. North America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.2.1. Profiles 5.2.2. Plates 5.2.3. Pipes 5.3. North America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 5.3.1. Marine & Offshore 5.3.2. Automotive 5.3.3. Industrial 5.3.4. Others 5.4. North America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 5.4.1. United States 5.4.1.1. United States Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 5.4.1.1.1. Pneumatic 5.4.1.1.2. Electric 5.4.1.1.3. Engine 5.4.1.1.4. Others 5.4.1.2. United States Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.4.1.2.1. Profiles 5.4.1.2.2. Plates 5.4.1.2.3. Pipes 5.4.1.3. United States Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 5.4.1.3.1. Marine & Offshore 5.4.1.3.2. Automotive 5.4.1.3.3. Industrial 5.4.1.3.4. Others 5.4.2. Canada 5.4.2.1. Canada Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 5.4.2.1.1. Pneumatic 5.4.2.1.2. Electric 5.4.2.1.3. Engine 5.4.2.1.4. Others 5.4.2.2. Canada Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.4.2.2.1. Profiles 5.4.2.2.2. Plates 5.4.2.2.3. Pipes 5.4.2.3. Canada Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 5.4.2.3.1. Marine & Offshore 5.4.2.3.2. Automotive 5.4.2.3.3. Industrial 5.4.2.3.4. Others 5.4.3. Mexico 5.4.3.1. Mexico Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 5.4.3.1.1. Pneumatic 5.4.3.1.2. Electric 5.4.3.1.3. Engine 5.4.3.1.4. Others 5.4.3.2. Mexico Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 5.4.3.2.1. Profiles 5.4.3.2.2. Plates 5.4.3.2.3. Pipes 5.4.3.3. Mexico Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 5.4.3.3.1. Marine & Offshore 5.4.3.3.2. Automotive 5.4.3.3.3. Industrial 5.4.3.3.4. Others 6. Europe Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation by Demand and Supply Side (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030) 6.1. Europe Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.2. Europe Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.3. Europe Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 6.4. Europe Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 6.4.1. United Kingdom 6.4.1.1. United Kingdom Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.1.2. United Kingdom Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.1.3. United Kingdom Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 6.4.2. France 6.4.2.1. France Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.2.2. France Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.2.3. France Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 6.4.3. Germany 6.4.3.1. Germany Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.3.2. Germany Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.3.3. Germany Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 6.4.4. Italy 6.4.4.1. Italy Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.4.2. Italy Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.4.3. Italy Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 6.4.5. Spain 6.4.5.1. Spain Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.5.2. Spain Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.5.3. Spain Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 6.4.6. Sweden 6.4.6.1. Sweden Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.6.2. Sweden Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.6.3. Sweden Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 6.4.7. Austria 6.4.7.1. Austria Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.7.2. Austria Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.7.3. Austria Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 6.4.8. Rest of Europe 6.4.8.1. Rest of Europe Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 6.4.8.2. Rest of Europe Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 6.4.8.3. Rest of Europe Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation by Demand and Supply Side (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030) 7.1. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.2. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.3. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4. Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 7.4.1. China 7.4.1.1. China Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.1.2. China Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.1.3. China Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4.2. S Korea 7.4.2.1. S Korea Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.2.2. S Korea Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.2.3. S Korea Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4.3. Japan 7.4.3.1. Japan Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.3.2. Japan Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.3.3. Japan Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4.4. India 7.4.4.1. India Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.4.2. India Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.4.3. India Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4.5. Australia 7.4.5.1. Australia Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.5.2. Australia Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.5.3. Australia Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4.6. Indonesia 7.4.6.1. Indonesia Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.6.2. Indonesia Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.6.3. Indonesia Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4.7. Malaysia 7.4.7.1. Malaysia Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.7.2. Malaysia Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.7.3. Malaysia Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4.8. Vietnam 7.4.8.1. Vietnam Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.8.2. Vietnam Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.8.3. Vietnam Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4.9. Taiwan 7.4.9.1. Taiwan Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.9.2. Taiwan Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.9.3. Taiwan Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 7.4.10. Rest of Asia Pacific 7.4.10.1. Rest of Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 7.4.10.2. Rest of Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 7.4.10.3. Rest of Asia Pacific Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 8. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation by Demand and Supply Side (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030 8.1. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.2. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.3. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 8.4. Middle East and Africa Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 8.4.1. South Africa 8.4.1.1. South Africa Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.4.1.2. South Africa Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.4.1.3. South Africa Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 8.4.2. GCC 8.4.2.1. GCC Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.4.2.2. GCC Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.4.2.3. GCC Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 8.4.3. Nigeria 8.4.3.1. Nigeria Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.4.3.2. Nigeria Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.4.3.3. Nigeria Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 8.4.4. Rest of ME&A 8.4.4.1. Rest of ME&A Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 8.4.4.2. Rest of ME&A Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 8.4.4.3. Rest of ME&A Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 9. South America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation by Demand and Supply Side (by Value in USD Million) (2023-2030 9.1. South America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 9.2. South America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 9.3. South America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 9.4. South America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2023-2030) 9.4.1. Brazil 9.4.1.1. Brazil Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Size (2023-2030) 9.4.1.2. Brazil Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 9.4.1.3. Brazil Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 9.4.2. Argentina 9.4.2.1. Argentina Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 9.4.2.2. Argentina Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 9.4.2.3. Argentina Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 9.4.3. Rest Of South America 9.4.3.1. Rest Of South America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Type (2023-2030) 9.4.3.2. Rest Of South America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Application (2023-2030) 9.4.3.3. Rest Of South America Beveling Machine Market Size and Forecast, by Industry (2023-2030) 10. Global Beveling Machine Market: Competitive Landscape 10.1. MMR Competition Matrix 10.2. Competitive Landscape 10.3. Key Players Benchmarking 10.3.1. Company Name 10.3.2. Service Segment 10.3.3. End-user Segment 10.3.4. Revenue (2023) 10.3.5. Company Locations 10.4. Leading Beveling Machine Market Companies, by Market Capitalization 10.5. Market Structure 10.5.1. Market Leaders 10.5.2. Market Followers 10.5.3. Emerging Players 10.6. Mergers and Acquisitions Details 11. Company Profile: Key Players 11.1. Ferro Valley Tools 11.1.1. Company Overview 11.1.2. Business Portfolio 11.1.3. Financial Overview 11.1.4. SWOT Analysis 11.1.5. Strategic Analysis 11.1.6. Scale of Operation (Small, Medium, and Large) 11.1.7. Details on Partnership 11.1.8. Regulatory Accreditations and Certifications Received by Them 11.1.9. Awards Received by the Firm 11.1.10. Recent Developments 11.2. Steelmax 11.3. Jet Tools 11.4. H & M 11.5. DWT Gmbh 11.6. CS Unitec 11.7. SAAR USA 11.8. Euroboor 11.9. Promotech 11.10. Trumpf 11.11. PROTEM 11.12. Mathey Dearman 12. Key Findings 13. Industry Recommendations 14. Terms and Glossary